Verification and Evaluation of Stability on Water Quantity and Quality in Water Usage Facilities by using data obtained during critical water shortage period

1994年，日本部分地区严重缺水。本研究的目的是利用水资源短缺时期的数据，提出用水设施的风险管理策略。结果取得了以下成果：(1)从一些受损城市详细收集了大量数据。水资源短缺期间的状态分别代表为水资源、用水设施和用水用户三个部门。(2)利用水源运行、限定供水量和供水量数据，对安全系数进行了计算和评价。结果表明，水资源短缺造成的损失在总量上是巨大的，但在净额上却没有那么大。(3)调查了各地政府应对水资源短缺的措施。另一方面，通过“道路调查”对草津市除缺水期外的家庭用水量进行了详细的调查，明确了建立日常节水系统的必要性。(4)对风险管理策略进行了情景模拟。结果表明，需水量预测方法有待改进，人类生活方式与水环境的关系有待进一步研究。

A critical water shortage occured in part of Japan in 1994. The purpose of this research is to propose a strategy of risk management for water usage facilities by using data obtained during the water shortage period. As a rusult some following fruits :(l)A large number of data has been collected from some damaged cities in detailed. And the state during the water shortage have been represened for three sectars, water resources, water usage facilities and users.(2)By using data of water source operation, limited water supply and supplied water volume, the safety factor were calculated and evaluated. As a rusult it has been clarified that the damage from water shortage was great in gross but not so great in net.(3)The measures of each local government against the water shortage were investigated. On the other hand, the quantity of water use in household has been investigated by "road survey" in detail in Kusatsu city except the water shortage period, It was clarifed the the establishment of daily water saving system is needed.(4)Some scenario simulation for strategies of risk management were carried out. As a result, it was concluded that the improvement of prediction method for water demand was needed and the relationship between human life style and water environment should be examined.