Cytohistological study on rice pollen formation and maturation, and damages caused by cool temperature

1.利用新建立的光学显微镜、荧光显微镜和低温扫描电子显微镜观察了水稻花粉的形成和成熟以及柱头上花粉萌发的早期过程，并研究了低温对这些发育过程的伤害。2.花药壁组织中红色自体荧光在花粉母细胞早期的变化，小孢子和花粉外壁、外壁和胚孔的黄色自体荧光有增加的趋势。为评价花粉生活力，分别采用FDA酯酶活性染色方法和淀粉粒填充的碘-碘化钾反应方法。观察了花药壁的裂开和花粉的散布过程，并观察到抽穗前的低温处理对这些过程的异常影响。3.在光学显微镜、荧光显微镜和冷冻扫描电子显微镜下观察了花粉柱头间的相互作用。在制备过程中，冷冻技术被认为是保存柱头表面成熟花粉的重要手段。4.低温切割法保存了花药组织和花粉细胞切面的内部结构。用半薄树脂包埋法和冷冻破碎法对花药和花粉的发育过程进行了重新估算。5.穗形成期低温处理后，光镜下可见花药壁开裂不全，花粉不成熟畸形，柱头表面活性花粉减少，幼胚退化。6.组合微技术是研究花粉发育成熟和花粉-柱头互作的有效手段。这些获得的结果被汇总并以小报告的形式报告。

1. Newly established microtechnics for light and fluorescence microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the formation and maturation of rice pollen and the early pollen germinating processes on the stigma as well as examined the cool temperature damages on these developmental processes. 2. Changes in the red autofluorescence from chioroplast in anther wall tissue during early pollen mother stages, the increasing trends in yellow autofluorescence from microspore and pollen outer wall, exine and germ pore of the pollen were found. To estimate pollen viability, FDA staining procedure for esterase activity as well as iodine-potassium iodide reaction for starch grain fillings were adopted, respectively. Dehiscence of anther wall and pollen dispersion process were observed and by cool temperature treatment before heading stages were observed to affect abnormally to these processes. 3. Pollen stigma interaction was observed under light and fluorescence microscope and cryoscanning electron microscope. Cryo technique during preparation procedures was thought to be important to preserve mature pollen on the stigma surface. 4. In addition, cryo-cutting method was found to preserve the inner structures of cut-surface of anther tissues and pollen cells. The developmental processes of anther and pollens were re-estimated using semi-thin resin embedding method and this cryo-fracture procedures. 5. By cool temperature treatment during panicle forming stages, incomplete dehiscence of anther wall, immaturity and abnormality of pollens, reduction of active pollen on the stigma surfaces, and degeneration of young embryo were observed under light microscope. 6. The combined microtechnics is very efficient for analyzing pollen development and maturation as well as pollen-stigma Interaction. These obtained results are summarized and reported as a small report.