Regeneration of Pinus parviflora forests on ridges

在山毛榉林的山脊上，小花松是优势树种之一。通过分析物种优势度与地形、土壤剖面的关系，确定了在高峰度的山脊上，小花青冈占优势，而在低峰度的山脊上，毛豆占优势。土壤剖面有B型和无B型两种类型。在B型大麦存在的位置，钝齿镰孢占优势，而在B型大麦不存在的位置，小花矮牵牛占优势。通过对小兴安岭山脊3种微地形（中央、东坡、西坡）上的小兴安岭植物群的生长和死亡进行12年的研究，发现小兴安岭山脊上的优势种主要是由峰度和B-水平线的存在与否决定的。在日本的一个大雪地区。3种微地形下松树的频率升降和死亡率差异显著，而松树的相对生长率差异不显著。东坡的松树更新率高于东坡，死亡率高于东坡，东坡的断干和倾斜的树型率占60%，而东坡的健木率占80%。分析认为，冬季风和一场大雪对油松的升残率、死亡率和成树率的变化有一定的影响。

On the ridges of beech forest mountains, Pinus parviflora is one of the dominant species. To determain the factors that which species is dominant on the ridges, We analyzed the relationship among species dominance, topography and soil profile.P.parviflora dominated on the high kurtosis ridges, and Fagus crenata dominated on the low kurtosis ridges. Soil profile had two types, B-horison exist or not. F.crenata dominated at the site that B-horison exist and P.parviflora dominated at the site that B-horison doesn't exist. It was showed that the kurtosis and B-horison exist or not could define the dominant species on the ridges.We studied the growth and mortality for twelve years of P.parvi flora trees standing on three microtopography ( center , east slope, west slope ) of a ridge at the Mt. Iide in a heavy snow-fall region, Japan. The differences of frequency promotion, demotion and mortality of pines were significant for three microtopography, though the differences of the relative growth rate (RGR) of pines was not significant for them. The rate of promotion of pines on the west slope was higher than east slope, and the mortality on the east slope was higher than west slope, On the east slope, the rate of tree form for stem breakage and leaning accounted for 60 percent of all, On the contrary, the rate of the sound trees accounted for 80 percent of all on the west slope, It was considered that variations of the rate of promotion and remains, mortality and the rate of tree forms were influenced by winter monsoon .and a heavy snow-fall.