Total Evaluating System for Leg Load Caused by Standing and Sitting Work.

为了评估站立和坐姿的适宜工作条件，开发了一套完整的腿部负荷评估系统。研究结果如下：1)研究站立作业时不同站立姿势对小腿肿胀的影响。10名男性受试者站了两个小时，休息了15分钟，然后又站了一个小时。每个受试者采取三种休息姿势，即坐在普通椅子上、坐在地板上和躺在地板上。坐姿和卧位站立3小时后小腿的肿胀程度均低于正常坐姿。2)为了调整不同姿势下的测量值，研究了坐姿对阻抗的影响。坐位时小腿阻抗始终低于站位时。根据模型分析，这种差异是由于肌肉收缩导致小腿形状的变化造成的。在随机抽样不同姿势的测量数据时，一个姿势的平均值与另一个姿势的平均值之比可以用来调整测量值。3)在他们的公司测量了两个受试者的腿部肿胀、身体运动和主观抱怨。观察到腿部肿胀对身体运动的依赖性。显然，详细的问卷不利于掌握腿部不适的主观诉求，因为没有得到对问卷的明确回答。4)新开发了一种便携式小腿肿胀和腿部运动监测仪。用阻抗法测量小腿的运动，用角速度传感器测量小腿的运动。

To assess the conformable working conditions in standing and sitting postures, a total system for evaluating leg load was developed. The results obtained by this project are as follows :1) The effect of resting postures on the lower leg swelling during standing work was studied. Ten male subjects kept standing for two hours, took rest for 15 minutes, and then kept standing for one more hour. Each subject took three kinds of resting postures, i.e., sitting on a normal chair, sitting on a floor, and lying on a floor. The swelling of the lower leg when resting with sitting on a floor and lying on a floor after 3-hour standing was lower than that when resting with sitting on a normal chair.2) To adjust the values measured at different postures, the effect of postures on impedance was studied. The lower leg impedance at sitting posture was always lower than that at standing. According to a model analysis, the difference is caused by the changes in shape of lower leg by the muscle contraction. The ratio of the mean values at one posture to that of the other could be used for adjusting measured values when measured data at different postures were sampled at random.3) The leg swelling, body movement, and subjective complaint of two subject who work at a cake maker were measured at their company. A dependency of the leg swelling on body movement was observed. It was clear that the detailed questionnaire was not useful for grasping the subjective complaint of the leg discomforts because clear response to the questionnaire was not obtained.4) A portable monitor for recording lower leg swelling and leg movement was newly developed. The leg movement was measured by the impedance method and the leg movement was by angular velocity sensors.