Eastern Japan Kenjutsu Schools in the Last Days of du Tokugawa Shejinati : A Study on brow they gained their influence

在十八世纪和十九世纪，新的忍术流派开始在关东平原(日本东部)产生影响，并引入了一种新的练功方法，即带着保护装备的剑客实际上用一把忍耐竹剑相互刺向对方，而在传统流派中，这种方法被称为形内，这只是一种形式的练习。新学派的影响一直持续到明治天皇在位20年(接近1880年末的S)，并在后来的岁月中对现代剑道的形成起到了决定性的作用。目前的一系列研究集中在传统武术是如何转变为剑道运动的，以及这项新运动是如何在关东平原传播的，这些新学派是基于当时的新学派的个案研究，如能流学派、知新天皇学派、新都神龙学派、甲流学派。在这一系列研究中，本研究试图说明著名学派是如何在关东平原，特别是在东京及其邻近地区获得影响力的1880年底，S绘制了他们势力范围的分布图。

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, new henjutsu schools began to gain influence in the Kanto plains (eastern Japan) and intrduced a new method of practice shinai-u hikenjutsu, in which swordsmen with protective gears actually thrust at each other with a shinai bamboo sword, whereas in the traditional schools the method was called kata-uchi, which is a practice of forms only. New schools continued to gain influence up until the 20th year of Meiji Emperor's reign [toward the end of 1880's], and in the later years they together had a decisive on the formation of modern kendo.The current series of studies focus on how the tranditional martial arts were transformed into a sport of kendo and on how the new sport spread in the Kanto Plains based on case studies of such new schools at the time as Nenryu school, Jikishinkageryu school, Shintomunenryu school, Kasumishinryu school.The first in the series, the present study tries to illustrate how the prominent schools gained their influence in the Kanto Plains, notably in Tokyo and its vicinities, toward the end of 1880's by drawing a distribution map of their spheres of influence.