Studies on Moral Realism Through Its Basis in the Philosophy of Mind and Language

批判20世纪伦理学的主流即价值的反实在论及其对实在概念的基本理解方式，使我们陷入事实与价值之间不可逾越的鸿沟，为重新思考古希腊哲学尤其是亚里士多德伦理学中的道德哲学寻找新的线索。在揭示休谟关于人类行为的二元论的问题后，t .新岛考虑了亚里士多德实践智慧（phronesis）的可能性。他还试图通过考察亚里士多德对道德失禁的处理，阐明亚里士多德实践理性的双重意义，即它是一种独特的心灵感知能力，也是一种卓越的推理能力。他将麦克道尔和维金斯的道德感性理论与布莱克本的投射论进行了比较，并批判了后者的非认知主义立场，以显示前者的合理性。此外，他还试图通过参考维金斯的哲学著作，指出一种解释休谟道德哲学的新方法的可用性。n. notomi认为柏拉图的《理想国》中的辩证法可以作为对通过道德习惯化获得的美德概念进行批判性反思的哲学模型。他还研究了道德价值观是如何成为后来被称为“常识”的某种综合知觉的。kanzaki在古代哲学的更广泛方面考虑了实践理性（phronesis）和亚里士多德道德现实主义的概念。此外，他还将希腊伦理学与康德的义务论进行了比较。

Criticizing the main stream of twentieth century ethics, i.e., anti-realism of value, and its basic way of understanding the concept of reality, which forced us into the unbridgeable gap between fact and value, this project has looked for new clues for rethinking moral philosophy in ancient Greek philosophy, especially in Aristotelian ethics.Showing the problems of the Humean dualistic conception of human action, T.Niijima has considered the possibility of Aristotelian practical wisdom (phronesis). He also tried to clarify the philosophical significance of the double aspects of Aristotle's practical reason, i.e., its being a distinctive perceptual capacity of mind as well as being the excellence of inferential faculty, through the examination of Aristotle's treatment of moral incontinence.T.Kan has taken up the contemporary controversy concerning moral realism. He compared the moral sensibility theories of J.McDowell and D.Wiggins with the projectionism of S.Blackburn, and criticized the non-cognitivism of the latter position so as to show the plausibility of the former one. In addition, he tried to indicate the availability of a new way of interpreting D.Hume's moral philosophy, with making reference to Wiggins's philosophical works.N.Notomi has argued to show that the dialectic in Plato's Republic can work as a philosophical model for the critical reflection onto the conceptions of virtues which were acquired through moral habituation. He also investigated how the sense of ethical values can be some synthetic perception which is to be called "common sense" in later periods.S.Kanzaki has considered the concept of practical reason (phronesis) and Aristotelian moral realism in the wider aspects of ancient philosophy. Further-more, he compared Greek ethics with Kantian deontology.