A study of techniques for influencing older workers to behave safely and healthy in their daily life.

本研究的目的是(A)揭示安全和健康相关行为与控制点之间的关系，以及(B)揭示影响健康相关行为的因素。为第一个目的进行了一项调查。在《安全氛围问卷》(Zohar，1980)的基础上，开发了一种用于测量安全和健康相关行为的量表。内部、强大他人和机会量表(Levenson，1981)被翻译成日语，并用于测量控制源。研究发现，内部控制源高的个体对安全健康教育的有效性和重要性的评价高于外部控制源高的个体。为了揭示认知失调对行走的影响，进行了一项实验。受访者阅读了劝说他们每天步行一次的声明，并在第二份问卷中报告了他们一个月内步行的次数。他们还对健康控制源量表(Wallston&Wallston，1981)的日本版进行了回答。多元回归分析显示，步行次数与积极的步行态度和健康心理控制源的“幸运”因素有关。在计划行为理论的基础上进行了一项调查，以找出与步行有关的因素(Ajzen，1991)。与步行次数相关的变量是受访者的步行意图，这反过来又与受访者对步行的积极态度和对重要伴侣的期望有关。这些结果表明，积极的步行态度、重要的他人对步行的期望以及对步行优势的思考经历都会影响步行次数。

The purposes of the present study were (a) to reveal relationships between safety and health-related behavior and locus of control and (b) to reveal factors that affected health-related behavior. A survey was conducted for the first purpose. A scale for measuring safety and health-related behavior was developed on the basis of the Safety Climate Questionnaire (Zohar,1980). Internal, Powerful Others, and Chance Scale (Levenson,1981) was translated into Japanese and it was used for measuring locus of control. It was found that persons high in internal locus of control rated the effectiveness and importance of safety and health-related education higher than those who high in external locus of control did.Two experiments and a survey were conducted for the second purpose. An experiment was conducted to reveal the effect of cognitive dissonance on walking. Respondents read statements that persuaded them to walk once a day and they reported the number of times of walking in a month in the second questionnaire. They also responded the Japanese version of Health Locus of Control Scale (Wallston & Wallston,1981.) Multiple regression analysis revealed that the number of times of walking was related to positive attitudes towards walking and "Luck" factor of health locus of control. A survey was conducted to find out factors related to walking on the basis of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen,1991.) The variable related to the number of times of walking was respondents' intention of walking that was, in turn, related to positive attitudes towards walking and expectation of respondents' significant others. These results suggested that positive attitudes towards walking, significant others' expectation of walking, and thought experience about advantages of walking could affect the number of times of walking.