A Theoretical and Empirical Study for Budgeting and Accounting of Infrastructure Assets

我们在道路和供水系统等基础设施资产的管理方面存在两个根本性问题。一个是如何有效地构建它们，另一个是如何有效地维护它们。然而，它几乎没有考虑为替换投资和适当的维护提供资金。因此，在本研究项目中，我们不仅探讨了什么是基础设施资产管理中有用的财务信息，而且探讨了预算编制与会计核算之间的关系。主要研究成果如下：1.基础设施资产，无论是否计入资产负债表中的折旧重置成本，都应计入折旧后的重置成本。为了保持为国民经济服务的潜力，预算必须与服务成本相平衡。可取的是，投资和维护对公共财政的影响应代代相传，按财政年度保持不变。因此，资产负债表中的净资产必须保持不变。这可能有助于降低税负的波动。

We have two fundamental problems in management for infrastructure assets such as roads and water systems. The one is how to construct them efficiently and the other is to maintain them efficiently. However it hardly considers to finance the replacement investment and adequate maintenance. Therefore in this research project, we have investigated not only what is the useful financial information in management of infrastructure assets but how budgeting should be related to accounting. The main research findings as follows :1. Infrastructure assets, whether or not, should be recorded at the depreciated replacement cost in the balance sheet and depreciated. In order to keep the service potential for the national economy, budgeting has to be balanced with the service cost.2. It is desirable that the impact of investment and maintenance on public finance remains unchanged from generation to generation and by fiscal year. Accordingly, the net assets in the balance sheet have to be kept constant. This may contribute to lower the fluctuation of tax burden.