Stopping Powers of Metallic Elements for Median- and High-Velocity Protons

阻止功率的Ti，Fe，Ni，Cu和Zn测量中高速质子。结果的不确定度为± 0.4%。在高速状态下，理论上由Bethe-Bloch公式描述阻止能力，该公式可以很好地再现实验值（精度在1%以内）。必须使用相当厚的箔，以便知道它们的准确厚度，这对于获得准确的阻止本领数据是必不可少的。对于厚靶，入射质子在靶箔内可能损失超过50%的初始能量。在这种条件下，质子的实际路径长度变得比靶厚度稍长。当我们希望非常精确地测量元素的阻止本领时，不能忽略这种效应，为了估计实际的光程长度修正，我们需要知道由于多次散射引起的角分布。因此，我们测量了26种目标厚度的多重散射角分布 ...更多信息 和入射能量组合。比较测量结果与理论预测，我们发现，一个很好的协议，获得了莫里哀理论和理论的西格蒙德和温特邦。利用这些理论，我们可以得到一个可靠的修正值，并将目前的阻止本领与ICRU报告49和Andersen和齐格勒的编制值进行了比较。一般来说，目前的结果被认为是略小于汇编值。然而，在Fe的情况下，目前的结果比ICRU Report 49在0.2 MeV附近的结果小10%。从目前的阻止本领提取的平均激发能的Ti，Fe，Ni，Cu和Zn。Ti、Fe、Ni、Cu和Zn的I值分别为236.7 eV、287.9 eV、313.6 eV、319.8 eV和326.8 eV。这些I值与其他作者得到的I值进行了比较。Bethe-Bloch公式通常用于描述1.0MeV以上质子的阻止本领。在目前的研究中，它被发现，该公式可用于质子以上的10.7 MeV或可能高于0.5 MeV。少

Stopping powers of Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn were measured for median- and high-velocity protons. The uncertainty of the present results were ±0.4%. In high-velocity regime stopping powers were theoretically described by the Bethe-Bloch formula which could reproduce experimental values very well (within 1% accuracy). It is necessary to use rather thick foils in order to know their accurate thickness, which are essential to obtain accurate stopping power data. For a thick target incident protons may lose more than 50% of their initial energy within a target foil. Under such a condition the actual path length of protons becomes slightly longer than the target thickness. When we wish to measure very accurate stopping powers of elements, we can not neglect such an effect.To estimate actual path length corrections we need the knowledge on the angular distributions due to multiple scattering. Therefore, we measured angular distributions due to multiple scattering for 26 kinds of target thickness … More and incident energy combinations. Comparing measured results with theoretical predictions, we found that an excellent agreement was obtained for both Moliere theory and the theory of Sigmund and Winterbon. With these theories we can obtain a reliable estimation of the correction.The present stopping powers were compared with compilation values of ICRU Report 49 and of Andersen and Ziegler. In general, the present results were found to be slightly smaller than compilation values. In case of Fe, however, the present results were smaller by 〜10% than those ICRU Report 49 at around 0.2 MeV. Mean excitation energies of Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn were extracted from the present stopping powers. The I-values are 236.7 eV, 287.9 eV, 313.6 eV, 319.8 eV and 326.8 eV for Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn, respectively. These I-values are compared with those obtained by other authors.The Bethe-Bloch formula is generally used for description of stopping powers for protons above 1.0 MeV. In the present study it is found that the formula can be used for protons above 〜0.7 MeV or possibly above 0.5 MeV. Less