Surface chemical processes of aluminum and related substances in acidification of sediment and soil environment

表面和水生环境的酸性将影响水和土壤粒子的界面的表面化学过程。Aluminum的行为有一个特别重要的环境后果。我们研究了三个相关的主题。（1）酸性岩石和矿物的化学天气：岩石表面化学成分中元素的分解，以及最终的变化，岩石（日本地质测量岩标准）Basalt-JB 1a、Feldspar-JF 1、Gabbro-JGb 1和Dunnite-JPa 1）和矿物（K-D1-D-1， Na-D-1 and Ca-feldspar， and Mg-D-1 and Fe-olivine）粒子由0.01 M nitric acid have investigated。表面化学组合物由X射线光电子光谱（XPS）研究。从岩石和矿物表面，从硅的其他元素，在一般情况下，最好分解，离开硅丰富的表面层。（2）湖泊沉积物的表面化学成分：沉积物颗粒中的铝/硅比率由XPS不同确定 ... More Tazawa湖和Kussharo在酸性河流水域已经引入或流入。Tazawa湖土壤核心的比率显示了对酸性河流水的介绍后的显著增加。在库沙罗湖的表面部分，它与土壤中可提取的Al的数量有关，土壤粒子的表面上的Al集中反映了湖泊水中的Al的行为。（3）茶叶农场地区酸性水和土壤环境中的元素行为：茶叶农场土壤在不同应用中的酸性物质和其他酸性物质，以及在自然繁殖下的土壤（控制）被比较为土壤颗粒的元素和表面化学成分。基本分布是由土壤酸化管理的，并由含肥料剂的供应。例如，Ni、Co和Mn的集中注意到基本岩石在控制土壤中较高，而在控制土壤颗粒的表面层K被分解为与那些茶农场土壤相比，而在散装集中并没有太大的差别。Less（低）

Acidification of terrestrial and aquatic environment would affect the surface chemical processes at the interface of water and sediment or soil particles. The behavior of aluminum has especially important environmental consequences. We have studied related three topics.(1) Chemical weathering of rocks and minerals by acid :Dissolution of elements, and resulting changes in the surface chemical composition, of rock (Japan Geological Survey Rock Standard : basalt-JB1a, feldspar-JF1, gabbro-JGb1 and dunnite-JPa1) and mineral (KィイD1-ィエD1, NaィイD1-ィエD1 and Ca-feldspar, and MgィイD1-ィエD1 and Fe-olivine) particles by 0.01 M nitric acid have been investigated. The surface chemical compositions were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). From the rock and mineral surfaces, elements other than Si, in general, preferentially dissolved, leaving Si-enriched surface layers.(2) Surface chemical composition of lake sediment :Al/Si ratio in sediment particles determined by XPS varied for sedime … More nts of Lake Tazawa and Kussharo where acidic river water has been introduced or flowing in. The ratio in the Lake Tazawa sediment core showed remarkable increase after the introduction of acidic river water. In the surface sediment of Lake Kussharo it related to the amount of extractable Al in the sediment, Al concentration in the surface of sediment particles thus reflects behavior of Al in lake water.(3) Behavior of elements in the acidified water and soil environment of tea farm area :Tea farm soils acidified under different application of nitrogen and other fertilizers, and soils under natural vegetation (control) were compared for elemental and surface chemical compositions of soil particles. The elemental distribution was governed both by soil acidification and by supply with fertilizer. For example, concentration of Ni, Co and Mn attributed to basic rocks was higher in the control soils, whereas K in the surface layer of the control soil particles was depleted as compared with those of tea farm soils although the bulk concentration did not differ much. Less