Comparative Study on Building Organization, Care System, and Activity of group livings for the elderly with dementia between Japan and Sweden

在发达国家，社会越来越倾向于核心家庭，越来越多的老年人现在要么独自生活，要么作为夫妇生活。期望家庭赡养老人变得越来越困难，而痴呆症护理问题是社会最关注的问题之一。本研究从环境行为的角度考察了瑞典和日本老年痴呆症群体生活的文化差异，重点研究了建筑设计与居民活动之间的互动。选取瑞典和日本的几个针对文化背景或传统空间结构精心设计的群居，通过对照顾者和居民的行为跟踪调查和深度访谈数据，对居民的活动进行比较。研究结果表明：1)日本群体生活的历史变迁和老年痴呆症的政策状况是以政府日期为依据的；2)瑞典群体生活的转型细节是以1985年以来瑞典群体生活的日期为依据的。在转型的过程中，瑞典群体居住改变了其规章制度和物理环境，以获得更大的空间和经济效率。3)通过对日本群体居住行为的卡车调查，居住在公共空间，特别是部分居民共享的半私人空间的方式，对居民的稳定状况有显著影响。4)文化规范、规则和态度影响建筑设计，但日本和瑞典群体居住对于痴呆症老年人环境设计的关键点是共同的。

In developed countries society has grown increasingly oriented toward nuclear families, and growing number of the elderly now live either alone or as a couple. It is becoming increasingly difficult to expect that families will support the elderly, and the problems of the dementia care is one of the greatest concerns of society.This present study examine cultural differences between Swedish and Japanese group living for the elderly with dementia focusing on interactions between building design and residents' activity from the environment-behavior viewpoint. Several Swedish and Japanese group-livings, which are carefully designed in response to cultural background or traditional spatial structure are selected, residents' activities are compared based on the date of behavior tracking survey and deep interview to care givers and residents. The result suggested : 1) The details of historical transformation in Japanese group-living and policy situations for the elderly with dementia are clared based on government's date.2) The details of transformation in Swedish group-living are cleared based on date on Swedish group living since 1985. In the process of the transformation Swedish group living change its regulation and physical settings for more space and financial efficiency.3) By the way of behavior trucking survey on Japanese group-living, mode of staying in common spaces, especially semi-private space shared by some of the residents, significantly affects to residents stable conditions.4) Cultural norms, rules and attitudes affects building designs, but critical points like "visibility" for the design of environment for the elderly with dementia are common between Japanese and Swedish group-livings.