Analysis of denature and environmental effects of floating oil in the sea.

NAHOTOKA溢油对日本海环境的影响。海洋漂浮期间会发生盐凝聚、挥发性物质蒸发到大气中以及可溶性物质溶解到海水中等多种热量和物质传输现象。此外，溶解的有害物质和挥发性物质对几种植物的影响。在这项研究中，从NAHOTOKA溢油的成分和盐的含量进行了检查。溢油含水量为40 ~ 50%，形成W/O乳状液。水相中的大部分钠迁移到油相中。用C级稠油与几种水进行混合实验，结果表明，原油粘度增加。海水/重油乳状液中的水滴小于天然水/重油乳状液中的水滴。乳状液的形成降低了挥发性物质的蒸发速率。建立了海上浮油变性的简化模型。分析结果可以代表挥发性物质苯和萘的行为。其次，研究了植物叶片对挥发性物质的吸收，估计挥发性物质是通过气孔吸收的。提出了石油污染环境效应的简单模型。

Heavy oil spilled from the NAHOTOKA affected to environment in the Sea of Japan. Several heat and material transportation phenomena, such as coagulation with salts, evaporation of volatile substances to atmosphere and dissolution of soluble substances in the sea water, occurred during floating period in the sea. Furthermore, the dissolved hazardous substances and volatile substances effects on several plants. In this study, the composition and salts contents of the spilled oil from the NAHOTOKA was examined. The spilled oil contained 40〜50% of water and formed W/O emulsion. Most of sodium in the water phase transported to the oil phase. As the results of mixing experiment using C grade heavy oil and several water, the viscosity of the oil increased. The water drop in the (sea water)/(heavy oil) emulsion was smaller than those in (natural water)/(heavy oil) emulsion. The evaporation rate of volatile substances decreased by emulsion forming. The simple model of denature of floating oil on the sea was proposed. analytical results could represent the behavior of the volatile substance, Benzene and Naphthalene. Next, the uptake of volatile substances in the plant leaf was examined, It was estimated that the volatile substances was uptake through the stoma. The simple model of the environmental effects of the oil was proposed.