Neurohormonal control of the instinctive behavior in the male cricket.

雄性野蟋蟀在遇到同种雌性时表现出刻板的性行为，并对雄性表现出攻击性行为。为了了解本能行为的神经和激素机制，我们调查了影响性动机和攻击性动机的因素。行为分析和神经生化实验表明，至少有两种来自大脑和间胸神经节的神经激素相互控制着性行为的诱导，并在雄性蟋蟀的交配序列中提供了适当的间隔。章鱼胺和5-羟色胺可能是这些神经激素的候选者。另一方面，为了调查攻击性行为，一些蟋蟀被隔离在透明的箱子里(互联网蟋蟀)，其他的仍然拥挤。在拥挤的蟋蟀之间的争斗中，它们中的大多数很快就表现出了优势-从属的互动。另一方面，在孤立的人之间的斗争中，Prolo…经常可以看到更激烈的打斗。在孤立与拥挤的比赛中，大多数孤立的蟋蟀在激烈的水平上赢得了这两个孤立的蟋蟀的战斗。战斗的攻击性和持续时间取决于隔离的时间。特别是，互联网蟋蟀表现出异常的攻击性。交配行为是在想象羽化后发生的。孤立的雄蜂在想象羽化后6天成熟，而拥挤的雄蜂在3天后成熟。虽然拥挤的雄性从不攻击雌性，但互联网上的蟋蟀以反常的攻击性攻击它们。互联网蟋蟀对雌性的攻击持续到想象羽化后3天，6天后消失。网络板球的异常攻击性表明，触觉交流在其攻击性和交配性行为的发展中起着重要作用。对攻击性行为的神经生化分析表明，生物胺在大脑中的分布取决于社会经验，并构成攻击性的基础。较少

Male field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus exhibit stereotyped sexual behavior when they encounter conspecific females and aggressive behavior against males. To understand the neuronal and hormonal mechanism of the instinctive behavior, the factors affecting sexual and aggressive motivation were investigated. Behavioral analysis and neurobiochemical experiments revealed that at least two neurohormones from the brain and the mesothoracic ganglion reciprocally control the elicitation of the sexual behavior and provide an appropriate interval in the mating sequence of the male cricket. Octopamine and serotonin are possible candidates for these neurohormones. On the other hand, in order to investigate the aggressive behavior, some of crickets were isolated in transparent cases (Internet crickets) and others remained crowded. In the fights between crowded crickets, most of them quickly exhibited dominance- subordinance interactions. On the other hand, in the fights between isolated ones, prolo … More nged intense fights were frequently observed. In the fights of isolated versus crowded, most isolated crickets won at the level as intense as the fights of both isolated ones. The aggressiveness and the duration of fights were dependent on the period of isolation. In particular, Internet crickets exhibited abnormal aggressiveness. The mating behavior developed after imaginal eclosion. Isolated males matured 6 days after imaginal eclosion, whereas crowded ones matured 3 days. Although crowded males never attacked females, Internet crickets attacked them with abnormal aggressiveness. The attack of Internet crickets to females continued until 3 days after imaginal eclosion and disappeared 6 days after. Abnormal aggressiveness of the Internet cricket suggests that the tactile communication play an important role in the development of their aggressive and mating behavior. Neurobiochemical analysis of the aggressive behavior suggests that the distribution of biogenic amines in the brain depends upon the social experience and composes the basis of aggressiveness. Less