Comparative Psychology in Auditory Sensation-Cognition of a budgerigar and a Sculpin

我们研究了虎皮鹦鹉大脑的听觉反应核，以及猎物对水运动的地震感觉识别与雕刻动物摄食行为之间的关系。在对虎皮鹦鹉的研究中，我们做了两种研究。首先，我们制作了一种新的立体定位装置，用于固定虎皮鹦鹉的大脑，准确识别大脑核的三维坐标。第二项研究是确定对声音刺激作出反应的大脑核。将氚标记的2-脱氧-d -葡萄糖肌内注射到活虎皮猴体内。在一个黑暗的声音衰减室里，通过扬声器施加一个小时的声音刺激，然后移除大脑。结果显示，经过处理的影像显示，耳蜗核有两条与听觉感知有关的上升通路。一种是通过MLD和L区核的通路，它与丘脑没有任何联系。另一条途径是通过…更多的Bas和NF核。在以雕塑为研究对象的研究中，我们提出研究贝加尔湖雕塑和日本雕塑的食物移动与摄食行为的关系。在使用贝加尔湖雕塑的实验中，我们使用活的片脚类动物作为移动刺激。面对活着的片脚类动物，贝加尔湖雕塑积极地追逐和捕食它们，但对于死去的片脚类动物却很少这样做。此外，研究对象最活跃地追逐和捕食片足类动物的时间主要是在日落之后不久，其次是在日出前不久，这表明贝加尔湖雕塑在一天中具有双相活动周期。在日本雕塑中，我们使用了一种人工食物作为移动刺激，通过在循环水的流动中获得来呈现给受试者。呈现移动的食物时，被试有高概率会倾向于移动的食物并得到它。但一旦看不见移动的食物，它们就找不到也拿不到。从这两种雕塑的结果，澄清了食物的移动是必不可少的成功获得食物的雕刻。少

We investigated auditory responding nuclei in a budgerigar brain, and a relationship between seismosensory recognition of water movement made by a prey and feeding behaviors in sculpins. In the study of budgerigars, we have done two kinds of studies. Firstly, we made a new stereotaxic equipment for fixing the budgerigar brain firmly and identifying exactly the three dimensional coordinates of brain nuclei. The second study was to identify the brain nuclei responding to sound stimuli. The tritium-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose was injected into alive budgerigars intra-muscularly. Sound stimuli was applied for one hour through a speaker in a dark sound-attenuated chamber, then brains were removed. As a result, the processed film images showed that there were two ascendeing pathways from the cochlear nucleus in relation to the auditory perception. One was the pathway running via nuclei of MLD and Field L , which does not have any connection to the thalamus. The other was a route via nuclei of … More Bas and NF.In the research using sculpin as a subject, we proposed to study the relationship between moving of food and feeding behavior of Baikal sculpins and Japanese sculpins. In an experiment using Baikal sculpin, we used live amphipods as a moving stimulus. Presented the live amphipods, Baikal sculpin chased after actively and prey them surely, but for the dead amphipods very little to do so. Furthermore it was determined that the time when subjects chase and prey amphipods most actively is a little after sunset primarily and secondarily shortly before sunrise, indicating that Baikal sculpin has diphasic cycle of activity in a day. In Japanese sculpin, we used an artificial food as moving stimulus which was presented to subjects by being earned in a flow of circulating water. Presented the moving food the subjects oriented themselves to it at high probability and then got it. But once losing sight of moving food, they couldn't find out and also not get it. From results of both species of sculpins, it was clarified that moving of food is essential to success for getting food in sculpin. Less