Emotion Induced by Acoustic and Odor Stimulation Measured with Startle Probe Paradigm

本研究的目的是考察惊恐眨眼反射的大小能反映自然声音和气味刺激引起的主观愉悦感。在第一个实验中，被试是18名志愿者，平均年龄21.0岁，年龄在18-23岁之间。受试者在自然声音刺激过程中收到惊吓噪声脉冲。自然声的暴露时间为10秒，最大强度小于70分贝。从50个标准化声音样本中选择了愉快、不愉快和中性三类声音。通过耳机在自然声音呈现后4秒、6秒或8秒呈现惊吓脉冲。耳机上的惊吓噪音强度被设置为110分贝(A)。噪声持续时间为50ms，上升/下降时间小于0.1ms。对惊厥刺激后20ms的眼轮匝肌进行综合肌电检测，并进行统计学分析。结果显示，在愉快的…期间，肌电活动的大小更健全的状态明显低于中性状态。另一方面，不愉快状态下的肌电幅值高于中性状态，但不显著。实验二以18名大学生为被试，其中男9人，女9人。气味(巧克力和香蕉)和难闻气味(猪肉酸和鳕鱼子)以40-60秒的间隔呈现5秒。气味刺激开始后0.5s、1.5s或3s出现白噪声脉冲(105db，50ms，OMS r/f时间)。在脉冲开始后20-120ms的窗口内，以眼轮匝肌-眼球的综合肌电(以A/D为单位)来评估反射强度。结果表明，在气味宜人的条件下，眨眼反射的平均幅度小于在难闻气味条件下的平均幅度。仅在1.5s的导联间隔内，愉快气味条件与不愉快气味条件之间的差异显著。建议将惊恐眨眼反射作为评价气味的客观工具，其前导间隔为1.5。由于这些结果与使用视觉刺激的实验结果相一致，因此惊恐眨眼反射是一种很好的主观愉悦感指标。较少

The purpose of this reserch was to investigate the magnitude of startle eyeblink reflex would reflect the subjective feeling of pleasantness provoked by natural sound and odor stimulations.In the first experiment, subjects were 18 volunteers whose mean age was 21.0 ranged from 18-23. Subjects received the startle noise pulse during natural sound stimulation. The exposure duration of natural sound was 10-sec and its maximum intensity was less than 70dB.Three categories of sound, Pleasant, Unpleasant, or Neutral, were selected among 50 standardized sound samples. Startle pulse was presented 4-, 6-, or 8-sec after the natural sound presentation via headphones. The intensity of the startle noise was set at 110dB(A) at the headphones. The noise durations was 50-ms and its rise/fall times were less than 0.1-ms. Integrated EMG of Orbicularis Oculi, 20ms after the onset of startle stimulus, was assessed for statistical analysis. Results showed that the magnitude of EMG activity during pleasant … More sound condition significantly lower than neutral condition. On the other hand, EMG maguitude during unpleasant condition higher than the neutral condition, but not significant.In the second experiment, 18 university students, 9 males and 9 females, were served as subjects. Pleasant odor (chocolate and banana) and unpleasant odor (pork acid and cod roe) were presented for 5 sec with an intervals of 40-60s. A pulse of white noise (105 dB, 50ms, Oms r/f time) was presented 0.5s, 1.5s, or 3s after the onset of odor stimulation. Reflex magnitude was assessed as an integrated EMG (in A/D unit) of Orbicularis-Oculi within a window of 20-120ms after a pulse onset. Results showed that the mean magnitude of the eyeblink reflex was smaller in pleasant odor condition than that in unpleasant odor condition. The difference between pleasant and unpleasant odor condition was significant only in 1.5s lead interval. It is recommended that startle eyeblink reflex would be used as an objective tool for evaluation of odor with an lead interval of 1.5s.As these results were compatible to the experiments using visual stimuli, it is suggested that startle eyeblink reflex would be a good index of subjective feeling of pleasantness. Less