Study on the Formation and Development Process of the Merchant in the Pre-modern Period

我们的目的是发现前现代商人如何形成和发展的共同规律，以及他们如何影响整个国家或各个地区。我们通过调查九州商人的一些案例来做到这一点。草本和宫崎骏把重点放在了石本家族身上，石本家族是天草的富商。有很多关于这个家庭的资料，但大部分都是杂乱无章的。我们花了三年时间才把它们整理好。使用电脑，这个过程现在已经完成了90%，你可以很容易地访问这些文件。石本家族与小池和三井有联系，因此我们调查了大阪大学经济系、三井图书馆、国家档案馆的历史记录。我们还研究了鹿儿岛县图书馆和令命馆的历史资料，因为萨摩人家族和萨摩人之间的关系。虽然对石本家族的经营，主要是Kasei时期的经营进行了研究，但我们从研究kyho时期的“Gingashicho”开始，研究其经营是如何形成的。我们还通过调查堀基时期到阿尼时期的“Yorozubaibaikocho”、“Funakanjocho”和“misebaibaiicho”来探讨商业分布应该是什么。在2001财政年度，我们研究了从安熙时期到天宝时期的早期，我们发现商品是有限的。此外，天草和岛原地区的人们开始大量生产棉花，这也是一个变化。石本家族的管理层在Kasei时期试图转变。岩崎研究了在大尻乡开发新稻田的小田家族的历史文献。大贺研究了野冈汉的木材商人。我们希望通过对九州部分商家经营管理的研究，找出共性规律，但不收集更多的案例是不可能达到我们的目的的。

Our aim was to discover the common rules of how pre-modern merchants formed and developed, and how they influenced the entire country or various districts. We did this by looking into some cases of merchants in Kyushu.Kusumoto and Miyazaki focused on the Ishimotos who were a wealthy merchant in Amakusa. Many documents were available on this family, but most of them were in disarray. Three years have been needed to put them in some order. Using a computer, this process is now 90% completed, and you have easy access to these documents.The Ishimotos were connected to Kohnoike and Mitsui, so that we investigated the historical records of the economics department at Osaka University, the Mitsui Library, and the National Archives. We also looked into the historical materials at the Kagoshima Prefectural Library and Reimeikan because of the relationship between the family and the Satsuma Man.Though the Ishimotos' management, mainly that of the Kasei period has been studied, we started our study from researching "Gingashicho" of the Kyoho period to see how the management formed. We also looked into what the commercial distribution should be by investigating "Yorozubaibaikocho", "Funakanjocho" and "Misebaibaicho" of the Horeki period to the Anei period. During the 2001 fiscal year, we researched from the Anei period to the early years of the Tenpo period, and we found that the commodities were limited. Besides, there was a change that people in Amakusa and Shimabara came to produce much cotton. The Ishimotos' management tried to convert in the Kasei period.Iwasaki researched the historical documents of the Odas which developed new rice fields in Ojika. Ohga studied lumber dealers of the Nobeoka Han. We expected to find out common rules by the study about the management of some merchants in Kyushu, but accomplishing our purpose is impossible without collecting more cases.