Ethno-Archaeological Study for the Change of Dwelling system and the Development of Social Complexity in the Late and Final Jomon Period

乔朗时期的居住系统大致分为两个阶段。前、中期阶段的主要组成部分是坑居，晚期和最后阶段的主要组成部分是木屋。从民族考古学的角度来看，坑房作为住所的可靠性似乎很低。另一方面，木屋似乎是可靠性很高的住宅。这一点可以通过与北太平洋沿岸狩猎采集渔民民居的比较研究，以及对绳门晚期和末期房屋和村庄遗址的考古研究来找到证据。此外，这一时期的特点是，冲积平原的河岸上经常形成村庄。看来，这种由食物获取活动区域转变为冲积平原的变化。而伴随着这一变化，居住地也随之向低地转移。看来，粮食获取系统的进步，特别是蔬菜饮食的进步，对于下一个时期的稻作预适应具有重要意义。另一方面，对柔门时期墓葬制度的研究，尤其是墓葬用品的研究，也被视为对复杂社会发展的关注。具体地说，柔门末期似乎存在着一个复杂的狩猎采集社会，有一个特殊地位的孩子发现了丰富的墓葬物品。至于蔬菜饮食，凤凰、马栗子是柔门时期的主要食物来源。我们的数据库主要汇编了日本西部的考古数据。

The dwelling system of the Joraon period is roughly divided into two phases. The main constituent of the former and middle phases is a pit-dwelling, and the one of the late and final phases is a wooden cabin. It seems that the reliability of the pit-house as a dwelling is low from the ethno-archaeological viewpoint. On the other hand, it seems that the wooden cabin is the dwelling of high reliability. The evidence for this are found by comparative studies with the dwellings of hunter-gatherer-fisher of the North Pacific Coast and the archaeological studies for house and village ruins of the late and final Jomon period.Also, it is special feature in this period, villages were often formed on the river banks in the alluvial plain. It seems that this change caused by the food getting activity area changed to the alluvial plain. And accompanying this change, the resident area moved to the low land.It seems that the progress of the food getting system, particularly the vegetable diet, has an important meaning as the pre-adaptation of rice farming in the next period. On the other hand, the studies of the burial system of the Jomon period, especially burial goods were looked at as a Concern of the development of complex society. Specifically, it seems that the complex hunter-gatherer society existed in the late and final Jomon period with the evidence of a child with a special status found with rich burial goods.Also, as for the vegetable diet, the aeorn, horse-chestnuts were the major food resources of the Jomon period. Our database is compiled archaeological data mainly in the western Japan.