A Study on the Formation of Virtual Enterprise under Global Manufacturing Environment

在本研究中，我们假设一个虚拟企业将通过选择成员申请一个产品的供应链。我们假设两个模型在下面形成一个虚拟企业，其特点是存在一个领导者在供应链中达成相互的协议或共识.从销售代理商到供应链上游的市场代理商，在协商过程中达成共识.管理供应链的领导者将从市场中选择供应链成员，我们主要从代理人提供什么样的信息或建议进行谈判或被选为供应链成员，如何根据提供的信息从申请者中选择供应链成员等角度研究了第一个模型，得到的主要结果如下：1.建立一个虚拟企业的共识模型。建立一个模型， ...更多信息 从下游到上游的供应链。协商协议是一个基于代理之间拍卖的合同协议，市场特征通过向下游出价和向上游提出建议的时机来表示.分析了具有不同投标策略的谈判过程。我们考虑了市场中两种类型的代理人;一种是追求利润的策略，另一种是倾向于减少库存的策略。通过模拟不同策略的虚拟企业模型，研究了Agent策略与虚拟企业特性之间的关系，阐明了虚拟企业有趣的特性和结果。所观察到的措施是利润、资产回报和对库存的影响。我们还考虑了两个谈判过程，通过改变投标和分发方案的时间来确定下游优先和上游优先的成员。少

We presume in this study that a virtual enterprise will be formed by selecting members applied for a supply chain of a product. We postulated two models in the below to form a VE which will be characterized by the existence of a leader in the supply chain to reach the mutual agreement or consensus.1. The consensus is attained in the negotiation process to select members from the sales agent to the agents in the market at the upstream of the supply chain.2. A leader governing the supply chain will select the members from the market.We studied mainly on the first model from the view points such as what kind of information or proposal to be made by an agent for negotiation or to be selected as a member of the supply chain, how to select members from the applicants based on the information provided and so on. The major results obtained are as follows :1. Development of a model reaching to the consensus for a virtual enterprise.A model is developed such that the members are determined from … More the downstream to the upstream of the supply chain. The protocol for the negotiation is a contract protocol based on the auction among the agents and the market characteristics are represented ay the timings to make a bid to the downstream and a proposal to the upstream.2. An analysis of the negotiation process with various strategies for bidding.We consider two types of agents in the market ; one with a strategy to pursue the profit and the other to prefer the reduction of inventory. The relation between the strategy of the agents and the characteristics of the resulting virtual enterprise was investigated by simulating various models with agents taking different strategies, clarifying interesting characteristics of VE and results. The measures observed were the profit, the return of asset and the effect on the inventory. We also considered two negotiation processes to determine the members from the down stream first and the up stream first by changing the timing for bidding and distributing proposals. Less