The change of space composition, construction and technique of Buddhis arc hitecture from medieval to early modern times

本研究的目的是从现存的遗址中，了解佛教建筑的空间构成、构造和技术是如何从中世纪到近代早期发生变化的。具体地说，通过将现存的遗迹与近代初期的主要遗迹进行比较，来解决在属于密宗-佛教教派的佛教寺院的佛堂建筑中，平面构成、加科、固定装置、装饰设计、小屋结构等建筑形式与中世纪相比发生了怎样的变化。因此，虽然有内人、雷道、胁人、牛户等佛堂建筑形式，即使到近代早期，它在胁人、牛户和户仓等地的空间划分也消失了，正是在这种趋势下，内部空间简化了。内部Kako被省略，天花板也作为一个简单的形式，简化也在设计中取得了进展。然而，也有中世纪Kako结构的废墟。此外，在内人和雷道之间还存在着一个被称为Kopuyaka-Kekkai的高高的门槛。据推测，这与人们的寺庙参观行为密切相关。从世纪开始，日本人就开始频繁地前往Kaikoku、朝圣、寺庙和神社参拜。我们确认这一现象从佛教霍尔斯和纯礼fuda或朝圣者卡上的Bokusho或涂鸦。佛堂内部的空间分布仅限于礼拜者使用的空间，这证明了界界的状态也在变化，界界将内人和雷道分成一条直线，类似于Jodosect Hondo。最后，这种平面形态可以分为三种类型。以上几点是通过仔细观察近畿地区的遗址而确定的，但加古和北海州的地方特色是显著的。

The purpose of this research is to solve from existing ruins how space composition, construction and technique of Buddhist architecture changed from medieval to early modern times. Specifically, the method is to compare existing ruins with primary early modern ruins for solving how forms of construction, such as the plan composition, Kako, fixtures, an ornament design, and hut structure, changed from medieval times in Butsudo structures of Buddhist temples belonging to K enmits-Bukkyo sects.Consequently, although Butsudo form, for example Naijin, Raido, Wakijin, and Ushirodo, was maintained even up to early modern times, its division of space in such places as Wakijin, Ushirodo and Dogura, disappeared, and it is in this tendency which internal space simplifies. And internal Kako is omitted, a ceiling also serves as a simple form, and simplification also progresses in design. However there are also ruins of medieval Kako structures. Moreover the example of a tall skirted threshold called Kosidaka-Kekkai existed between Naijin and Raido. It is presumed that this is closely related to peoples act of temple visitation. Kaikoku, pilgrimages, and temples and Shinto shrines visitations increased from the fifteenth century. We confirm this phenomina from Bokusho or scribblings on the Buddhist halls and Junrei-fuda or pilgrim card. The spatial distribution inside Butsudo is limited to the space which a worshiper uses which prooves that the state of Kekkai also changes, The Kekkai divides a Naijin and Raido to a straight line, and resembles the Jodosect Hondo. Finally, this plane form can be cllasified into three types.The above points were determined by scrutinizing the ruins in the Kinki district, but the local character of the state of Kako and Kekkai is remarkable.