The fundamental study of biofeedback treatments using biological markers such as Event-related potentials (ERPs) and exploratory eye movements (EEMs) in schizophrenic patients

在精神分裂症患者中，事件相关电位(ERPs)和探索性眼动(EEM)已被用作信息处理的生物关联。在此之前，本研究的首席调查员森田研究了精神分裂症患者恢复期的ERPs和EEM，并与健康受试者进行了比较。这项研究使用婴儿哭泣和微笑的照片，同时记录自主神经的重要指标，如心电、皮肤电导和心率，以监测情绪反应，并比较了面部情感刺激对视觉ERP和EEM的影响。我们报告说，康复后的P300波幅、面积和眼球运动与健康受试者更加相似。例如，观看微笑婴儿的照片时的P300波幅和面积与观看哭闹的婴儿时相同。然而，在临床改善阶段，患者在观看微笑婴儿时的这些值小于在观看哭闹婴儿时的数值。这些发现表明，这些面部情感刺激诱发的ERPs和EEM都是有用的生物状态标记物，在临床治疗中可能作为反馈有用。然而，这些发现不足以记录在ERPs和EEMS记录中由心电、皮肤电导和心率反映的情绪影响。因此，我们目前正在尝试使用哭声和笑声以及愉快和不愉快的气味来监测ERPS、EEM和其他标记物。这些额外的刺激引起了更大的情感影响，并改变了几个生物标志物。通过声音和气味进行面部情感识别所引起的情绪水平可能会根据临床状态的不同而变化更大。未能准确阅读非语言的情绪暗示可能会导致不恰当的社会反应。

In schizophrenic patients, event-related potentials (ERPs) and exploratory eye movements (EEMs) have been used as biological correlates of information processing. Previously, Morita, tile prinspal investigator in this study, investigated ERPs and EEMs during recover period in schizophrenic patients in comparison with these in healthy subjects. This study and compared the effects of facial affective stimuli on visual ERPs and EEMs using photographs of babies crying and smiling while recording autonomic vital markers such as ECG, skin conductance and heart rate to monitor the emotional responses. We reported that the P300 amplitude, area and eye movements became more similar to those of healthy subjects after recovery from illness. For example, the P300 amplitude and area while viewing photograph of a smiling baby were the same as these while viewing crying baby. However, the values while viewing smiling baby were smaller than these while viewing crying baby at clinical improving phase in the patients. These findings suggest that both the ERPs and EEMs evoked by these facial affect stimuli are useful biological state markers and may be useful as feed back during clinical treatment. However, the findings were insufficient to record the emotional effects reflected by ECG, skin conductance and heart rate during ERPs and EEMs recordings. Thus, we are currently trying to monitor the ERPs, EEMs and other markers using crying and laughing voices and pleasant and unpleasant odors. These additional stimuli caused larger emotional effects and changed several biological markers. The degree of emotional level induced by facial-affect recognition with voices and odors may vary more depending on the clinical state. The failure to accurately read nonverbal emotional cues may contribute to inappropriate social responses.