Research system on effective markers for analyzing genetic variances in allied taxa.

分子生物学方法是植物学系统学和生态学领域的重要技术。本研究试图利用随机扩增多态DNA(随机扩增多态DNA)分子标记技术，构建杨梅亲缘关系较近的类群或居群间遗传变异的研究体系。1.对八岛杨梅种群结构进行分析。在120个标记中，8个显性标记和8个共显性标记对不同的个体具有遗传效应。利用每个个体的分布格局、大小、性别和遗传类型，估计了种子和花粉的传播过程。每个种群中约有2/3的个体来自外部种群。杨梅花粉的有效传粉距离约为10~20m，而杨梅花粉的有效散布距离约为50~440m。2.澳大利亚菊科短枝菊属植物的基因组重组。三个分类群B.campylocarpa、B.eriogona和B.smithWhite虽然在大体形态特征上非常相似，但它们的基因组大小存在极大差异。对从大白菜基因组中特异扩增的18个随机扩增标记进行测序，并用于Southern杂交分析。其中6个为反转录转座子和转座子，在甜菜小基因组中发现了几个拷贝，而在小基因组中未检测到。Brachycome中显着的基因组大小变异被认为是衍生的转座元件。

The molecular biology method is important technique in the field of Systematics and Ecology of Botany. In this research, I tried to construct the research systems for analyzing genetic variances among closely related taxa or population using the random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) maker method.1.Analyses for population structure of Myrica rubura in the Yakushima Island.I investigated genetic variances of 77 plants from three population of Myrica rubura, which is characterized by wind pollination and animal seed dispersal. Among 120 of RAPD makers, 8 of dominant and 8of co-dominant were useful to distinct individuals genetically. Using distribution pattern, size, sexuality and genetic type of each individual, seed and pollen dispersal process were estimated. About 2/3 individual of each population were derived from the outside population. Although the effective wind pollination distance was said to be about 10-20 m, Myrica pollen effectively dispersed about 50-440 m.2.Genomic reconstitution in the Australian Compositae, the genus Brachyscome.Though three taxa, B.campylocarpa, B.eriogona and B.smithwhitei are closely resembled in gross morphological features, their genome extremely differs in size. Eighteen RAPD markers, which were amplified specifically from B.eriogona with large genome, were sequenced and used for southern hybridization analyses. Six of them were retrotransposons and transposons, and several copies of them were found in the small genome of B.smithwhite, while they were not detected in the large genome of B.campylocarpa. Remarkable genome size variation in the Brachycome supposed to be derived transposable elements.