New Forest Policy and Labeling System in Great Britain

这个研究项目的目的是研究英国的森林政策是如何为环境政策而改变的。特别是，本研究的重点是保护环境的工具，如森林认证和标签。1990年代的森林政策优先考虑保护环境和促进可持续森林管理。2000年获得林业委员会森林认证。这并不难，因为FC已经把他们的管理转向了环境管理。托拉斯拥有林地，就像国民托拉斯保护自然一样。但是，他们现在积极管理他们的林地，以保护或创造多样性和生态系统。英国的国家公园非常独特。这些都是为了保护被人类活动所破坏的乡村景观。国家公园管理局是独立的，不属于地方政府。在私营森林部门，大型森林所有者和地产所有者将环境政策引入其森林管理。但这并不总是给他们生产木材的动力。在森林认证中，利益相关者的问责制和参与影响森林管理。买方集团正在增加认证产品在其贸易中的份额。但他们可以在没有溢价的情况下交易这些产品。中介组织对森林政策的成功转变起着非常重要的作用。

The Objective of this research project is to study how the forest policy in Great Britain have been changed for the environmental one. Especially, this research focuses the tools to conserve environment as like Forest Certification and Labeling.In 1990's the forest policy has been given the priority to conserves environment and to promote sustainable forest management.Forestry Commission got the Forest Certification in 2000. It was not difficult to get it because FC has shifted their management to environmental one.Trusts own woodlands as like The National Trust had managed to protect nature. But, they now manage their woodland positively to conserve or create diversity and ecosystem.National Parks in Great Britain are very unique. These are managed to conserve the landscape of countryside that have been kept by human activities. National Park Authority is independent, do not belong to local governments.In private forest sector, large forest owners and estate holders introduce the environmental policy to their forest management. But it does not always give them incentives to produce the timber.In Forest Certification, accountability and participation of interest people affects forest management. Buyer's group is increasing the share of the certified products in their trade. But they can trade these products without premium.Intermediating organizations have very important role to success to changing the forest policy.