Study on Theory of Community Development in Asia

在过去几年中，社区一级的发展方式发生了几项重大变化。第一，从早期强调以总体规划为基础的综合开发转向认识到开发过程必须具有更广泛的基础。转变的第二个方面是从涉及社区的项目转向覆盖面更广的方案。另一个明显的转变是从公共倡议的发展明显转向与非政府组织和社区组织的发展伙伴关系，以及利用人民的激励措施的赋权/扶持战略。最后，新出现的重点已从获得住房和公共供应转向以更有效的方式为城市贫民提供经济活动、收入和就业机会。在不同的地区，转变的方面相当广泛。然而，值得注意的是，有明显的转变，以共同的社区为基础的发展。这项研究是T ...更多信息 o具体识别泰国和韩国的这些趋势，并寻找社区和城市规划的新范式。泰国的研究始于对身体生活质量的调查，作为大城和曼谷的案例研究。特别是，自1999年以来，通过交流和分享经验，对住房改善项目地区进行了稳步调查。其中，在大城府开展了深入的研究，在那里，居民通过社区网络积极参与项目，这是CODI与综合小额信贷计划相联系的主要战略。在韩国，首先，研究了经济和社会形势的快速变化对社区和城市发展的影响。特别是近年来对韩国城市社区发展起着重要作用的城市社区运动成为研究的重点。在NGO和CBO的合作下，选择了Kwanak和Sungdong社区作为案例研究，并跟踪了居民对社区运动和可持续性的认识调查。并探讨了由民间组织发起的公寓社区运动的发展过程和问题。少

Over the last few years, several major changes in development approaches at the community level have taken place. First, the shift is from the emphasis in earlier years on comprehensive development based on master plan to a realization that the development process hose to be more broad based. The second aspect of shift is from projects dealing with community to programs which have a far greater coverage. Another clear shift is distinct move from development by the public initiatives to partnership for development with NGO and CBO, and to empowerment/enabling strategy utilized the peoples' incentives. Finally, the emerging emphasis is from on access to housing and public provision to on economic activities and income and employment opportunities for the urban poor in a more effective manner. The aspects of shift is rather wide-ranging in different regions. However, it is interesting to note that there is clear shift to the development based on the community in common. This research is t … More o specifically identify these trends in Thailand and Korea and to search for new paradigm in community and urban planning.The research in Thailand has begun with the survey of the physical quality of life, as case studies of Ayuthaya and Bangkok. In particular, the housing improvement project areas have been investigated steadily with the exchange and share of experiences since 1999. Among them, the research has been deeply carried out in Ayuthaya where the residents have actively involved in the project by community networks which is CODI's primary strategy linked with integrated maicro-credit program.In korea, first, the research has dealt with the impact of rapid changes of economic and social situation on community and urban development. Particularly, the focus of the reserch has been placed on the urban community movement which plays critical role for urban community development in Korea recently. Kwanak and Sungdong communities was chosen as case studies and followed the survey on the resident's recognition of the movement and sustainabilty of community with the cooperation of NGO and CBO. The evolution of process and problems of apartment community movement initiated by citizen's organizations were also examined. Less