NATURAL HISTORY OF SUBMARINE CAVE ORGANISMS

1.在印度洋-太平洋海底洞穴中记述了Pickworthiidae科(海底洞穴特有的)2新属4新种和Scissrellidae科1新属1种。2.对腹足类Pisulina属的贝壳特征进行了分析，共鉴定出6种，其中2种为新种，并阐明它们与Neritila属及其他相关新属构成一个单系群。对Pisulina和Neritila的解剖学研究支持了我们的甲壳学研究结果。3.1个化石物种被确认为Neritilidae科的一个新属和新种，这表明该科至少在渐新世以前开始适应隐蔽的环境。4.在钩状生境和浅水生境和河流中发现了Neritilidae科的2个新属和几个新种。这是除水生腹足动物外，首次从这种环境中发现的软体动物。5.包括海龙科在内的超目海鞘类的解剖和分子系统发育分析表明，该超目在其历史上至少3次入侵陆地，并表明河流中的海鞘类是由曾经适应海洋隐蔽环境的海鞘和水下环境衍生而来的。6.在帕劳的一个海底洞穴中描述了一新种，该新种与加勒比海的一个物种有关，表明该新种是从加勒比海向西扩散的。本研究还发现了Mysid属和Hetermysis属的4个新种。本文记述了冲绳海底洞穴中介形类一新属新种--Kasella ryukyusis的活化石。

1.Two new genus and 4 new species of the family Pickworthiidae (characteristic in submarine caves) and a new genus and species of the family Scissurellidae were described from the Indo-Pacific submarine caves. One new genus and species whose shell morphology has not been known was also described.2.Analysis of shell characters of the gastropod genus Pisulina resulted to recognize six species, of which two are new, and clarified that they constitute a monophyletic group together with the genus Neritilia and other related new genera. An anatomical study of Pisulina and Neritilia supported the result of our conchological study.3.One fossil species previously identified questionably to a living neritid species is recognized as a new genus and species of the family Neritiliidae, indicating that the family adopted cryptic environments at least by an Oligocene time.4.Two new genera and several new species of the family Neritiliidae were found from anchialine and hyporheic habitatas and river streams. This is the first discovery from mollusks from such environments except for a hydrobiid gastropod.5.Anatomical and molecular phylogenic analyses of the superorder Neritopsisna including the family Neritiliidae show that the superorder invaded land at least three times in their history, and also show that neritiliids in river streams were derived from those once adapted to marine cryptic environments via the anchialine and hyporheic environments.6.One new species of calanoid copepod genus Ridgewayia was described from a submarine cave in Palau This new species is related to a Caribbean species, suggesting westward dispersal from the Caribbean Sea. This study also found 4 new species of the mysid genus Heteromysoides and Heteromysis. One living fossil new genus and species of ostracod, Kasella ryukyuensis, was described from the submarine caves on Okinawa.