Research on Implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

毫无疑问，全球环境保护是国际社会最重要的议程。自1972年斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议以来，人们认识到缺乏关于国际环境保护的法律，并迅速制定了旨在保护环境的条约。因此，出现了许多关于环境保护的条约。但这些环境条约、一般原则等并没有得到充分的执行。例如，一些条约终究不起作用，变成了沉睡的条约。自1992年地球问题首脑会议以来，它迅速解决了国际环境法的实施问题，即遵守国际环境法。然后，我们项目为期三年的目的是通过对主要协议的分析(研究)来检查多边环境协议是否在国际层面和国内层面得到了适当的执行。并尝试从理论上和实践上结合…更多关于国家责任、国际赔偿、民事责任和自由贸易的内幕。最终，我们试图分析遵守国际环境法的实质。在第一年，我们的项目处理了遵守问题，以确定概念分析的框架。首先，我们试图从硬法和软法的角度对遵守国际环境法义务的性质进行认定。然后，我们审议了政策工具和经济工具，在各个层面上加强遵守，在国内层面上也加强遵守。在第二年，我们特别针对亚太地区，因为在国际(全球)、地区(欧盟、北美、南美和亚太地区)和国家层面上存在着一些关于哪个层面的环境法合规工作有效的争论。结果，我们发现，首先在地区层面上试图解决某些环境问题，而不是在全球层面上。去年我们讨论了环境与贸易问题，因为在1999年和2000年的研究之后，出现了解决对环境保护和自由贸易的干扰、加强对环境法的有效遵守的必要性。因此，本文指出了一些问题，如WTO等自由贸易机构对环境保护并不一定是积极的。较少

There is no doubt that the global environmental protection is the most important agenda in international society. Since 1972 Stockholm Human Environment Conference, it is recognized the lack of law on international environmental protection and has rapidly made treaties for the purpose of environmental protection. As a result, there are a lot of treaties of environmental protection. But these environmental treaties, general principle and so on are not quite implemented adequately. For example, some treaties do not work after all and become sleeping treaties. Since 1992 Earth Summit, it has rapidly address implementation of international environmental law, that is compliance of international environmental law. Then, the purpose of our project for three years is examination of multilateral environmental agreements whether is properly implemented in the international level and domestic level through the analysis(study) of main agreements. And also we try to theoretically and practically co … More nsider about state responsibility, international compensation, civil liability and free trade. Ultimately we seek to analyze the substance of compliance on international environmental law.On first year our project addressed compliance for setting the framework of conceptual analysis. First, we tried to identify the nature of obligation to comply with international environmental law from the point of view of hard law and soft law. Then, we deliberated policy instruments and economic instruments enhancing compliance on each dimensions and also compliance on the domestic level. On second year we especially addressed Asia-Pacific region because there are some arguments which level is effective in working on compliance with environmental law on the international (global), regional(EU, north America, south America and Asia-Pacific) and national level.As a result, we found that it is better to attempt the settlement of certain environmental problem on regional level firstly, not on global level. On last year we addressed Environment and Trade because after the study of 1999 and 2000 it emerged the need to resolve the interference with environmental protection and free trade enhancing effective compliance with environmental law. As a result, it is pointed out some problem that free trade institutions, for example WTO, are not necessarily positive with environmental protection. Less