Practical and Theoretical Studies of Adverbials in English and Japanese

在本研究项目的第一年，我们首先仔细检查了以前发表的相关论文的观察和分析。接着，我们将Faraci（1974）对状语的分析应用于日语状语，并着重于英语和日语中表示“原因”、“目的”和“方式”的状语从句的相似性，考察了所讨论的状语从句的句法、语义和功能特性。在接下来的一年和最后一年的研究中，我们更仔细地考虑了英语和日语中状语从句的相似性，将研究对象扩展到了修饰名词性表达的关系从句，并在头脑中有理论观点。我们得出的第一个结论是，英语和日语中的相关状语从句在修饰名词性表达的关系从句中具有相同的结构层次，即结构层次是名词性表达的共同属性。第二个结论是，表“原因”的状语从句与修饰名词性表达的关系从句具有某些语义和功能上的共同性，即“原因”的性质。

In the first year of this research project, we first carefully examined the observations and analyses of the relevant papers which were published previously. Next applying the analysis of adverbials by Faraci(1974) to Japanese adverbials and focusing on the similarities of adverbial clauses in English and Japanese denoting "reason," "purpose," and "manner," we investigated the syntactic, semantic, and functional properties of the adverbial clauses in question. As the result of this investigation, we found out some sort of structural hierarchy of the Japanese adverbial clauses, the same structural hierarchy of the English equivalents.In the next and last year of this research project, we considered the similarities of adverbial clauses in English and Japanese more carefully, extending our objects of study to "adnominal" clauses, namely relative clauses modifying nominal expressions, and having theoretical points of view in mind. The first conclusion we arrived at was that the same structural hierarchy of the relevant adverbial clauses in English and Japanese can be observed in some relative clauses modifying nominal expressions, that is, the structural hierarchy is a property of adjuncts have in common. And our second conclusion was that the adverbial clauses denoting "reason" share some semantic and functional properties with some relative clauses modifying nominal expressions, in other words, these are properties of adjuncts.