The Cultural Conditions and Social Functions of ADR in the Rule-Oriented Society

理论成果：运用进化博弈论分析了社会秩序产生的条件、产生的社会秩序的性质以及产生的动力。社会秩序被定义为进化稳定状态和/或随机稳定状态以及纳什均衡。假设agent在不确定性（即不完全信息）下做出不完全理性决策（即有限理性）。具体来说，分析的一种情况是所谓的最后通牒博弈。我分析了合作性平等分配规则是如何在争议型社会互动中出现的。分析的另一种情况是消费者合同；合作信任的社会秩序是如何在自然状态下出现的（即，狗咬狗）。并分析了通过律师谈判解决纠纷的条件（即合作策略选择的条件）。实证成果：对关东地区随机抽取的400名市民进行问卷调查。这些问题是关于人们对ADR和法院程序的认识、态度和评价。方法是所谓的小插曲研究与方差分析。这些小插曲包括一个产品责任案件、一个交通事故案件和一个不诚实的出租车司机案件。我还包括了关于WTP（支付意愿）和WTA（接受意愿）在金钱和时间方面解决争议的问题。这是为了揭示法院是否真的很昂贵，adr是否真的很便宜。通过这次调查，我发现人们在面对纠纷时是如何决定使用ADR和法院的。在此基础上，提出了加强司法救助的途径。通过上述理论和实证成果，阐明了ADR的社会功能以及纠纷解决机制在规则导向社会中发挥作用的社会经济条件。

Theoretical Achievements : The conditions for the emergence of social order, the properties of the emerged social order, and the dynamic of the emergence are analyzed with the help of evolutionary game theory. The social order is defined as an evolutionarily stable state and/or a stochastically stable state as well as a Nash equilibrium. The agents are assumed to make imperfectly rational decision (i.e., bounded rationality) under uncertainty (i.e., imperfect information).In concrete, one of the situations analyzed is what is called Ultimatum Game. I analyzed how a rule of cooperative equal division emerges in a dispute-like social interaction. Another situation analyzed is the consumer contract ; how cooperative trusting social order emerges in a state of nature (i.e., dog eats dog). I also analyzed the conditions for dispute settlement through lawyer negotiation (i.e., conditions for cooperative strategy selection).empirical Achievements : I conducted a questionnaire survey to 400 randomly sampled citizens in Kanto area. The questions are about people's knowledge, attitude, and evaluations on ADR and court procedures. The methodology is what is called vignette study with ANOVA. The vignettes include a product liability case, a traffic accident case, and a dishonest taxi driver case.I also included questions about WTP (willingness to pay) and WTA (willingness to accept) in terms of money and time for dispute resolution. This is to reveal whether courts are really costly and whether ADRs are really cheap.By this survey, I find how people make decision on using ADR and courts when faced with a dispute. Thus the ways to enhance people's access to justice are suggested.With the theoretical and empirical achievements stated above, I shed lights on the social functions of ADR and socio-economic conditions for dispute resolution mechanisms to function in the rule-oriented society.