倒産手続と債務者の財産状態の開示

本研究的目的是为了明确，如果债务人的财务状况不被披露，破产程序就不会有效地运作。首先，我依据一位德国学者的报告看了秘密留置权的邪恶：秘密留置权隐藏了债务人多年的破产。破产的债务人似乎有偿付能力的情况并不少见，因为有担保的债权人多年来一直在提供以秘密留置权为担保的信贷。然后，我把目光转向了美国的破产法。公开的记录和取消秘密留置权的法律手段让外部世界清楚地看到了债务人的财务状况。然而，今天，财务报表是关于债务人信用的主要信息来源。因此，我的结论是：明确债务人的财务状况是破产制度有效运行的关键。其方法不是取消秘密留置权，而是建立依赖财务报表发放无担保信用的做法。

The objective of this research is to make clear that the bankruptcy proceedings do not work effectively if the debtor's financial conditions are not disclosed.First I looked at the evil of secret liens relying upon a report of German scholar: The secret liens conceal the debtor's insolvency for years. It is not rare, that an insolvent debtor seems solvent, because secured creditors continue to extend credit being secured by secret liens for years.Then, I turned my eyes to the bankruptcy Law of the United States. The public recording and the legal devices to strike down secret liens made a debtor's financial condition clear to the outer world. However, today financial statements serve as the prime source of information regarding a debtor's credit worthiness. Therefore, my conclusion is as follows: To make the debtor's financial condition clear is key to make bankruptcy system effective. The method thereof is, not striking down secret liens, but establishing the practice to extend unsecured credits relying upon financial statements.