The development of Environmental Criminology and Situational Crime Prevention Using the electronic Devices

根据主要在英国对CCTV（闭路电视）的研究发现，在这十年中，英国大多数城市在其市中心安装了CCTV设备，以防止犯罪和发现罪犯。英国政府强烈建议地方政府在城镇中心安装闭路电视，以防止犯罪，因为街道上的犯罪数量巨大，在英国一直感到尴尬。这也是为什么许多城市已经或计划在公共场所安装闭路电视的原因之一。事实上，安装了很多闭路电视的城市，犯罪和混乱都更少，也就是说，安装了闭路电视后犯罪率更低。然而，环境犯罪学的实践也存在其自身的问题，如流离失所或侵犯公民的自由。对于后者，最近在英国通过了1998年的数据保护法案，严厉要求CCTV的安装者不得侵犯公民的自由。在我的结论中，由于CCTV预防犯罪的明显效果不足，未来应该考虑预防犯罪与保护自由/隐私之间的平衡。

According to the research on CCTV (closed circuit Television) mainly in England, it was found that in England in this decade most of cities have installed the CCTV devices at their city center in order to prevent crime and detect criminals. Because they has had an enormous number of crime on the streets and has been embarrassed by them in Britain, the British Government strongly recommends the local governments to install the CCTVs for crime prevention at town centers. It is one of reason why so many cities have installed or planned to install the CCTV in the public space. In fact, the cities where many CCTVs were installed have had less crime and disorder, enjoyed namely lower crime rate after its installation. However, the practices of Environmental Criminology has its own problems such as displacement or infringement to citizen's freedom. As for the latter, recently in Britain, the Data Protection Act 1998 has been passed, so it severely requests the installers of CCTV not to infringe on citizen's freedom. In my conclusion, as the apparent results of crime prevention by CCTV are lack, the balance between crime prevention and protection of freedom/privacy should be taken into account in the future.