Evaluation of management stress in the domestic animals by measuring behavior and heart rate variability

在夏季，放牧的牛为了驱散落在地上的苍蝇，会进行各种梳理行为（摇头、抬腿、甩尾），而这些文件似乎成为放牧牛的一种压力。为此，研制了记录摇尾频率作为应力指标的数据记录仪，并验证了其实用性。此外，研究了落蝇对采食行为、静息行为和心率的影响。我们的发现表明，在放牧过程中，下颌运动频率随着头部摆动的出现而降低。蝇类的存在阻碍了采食行为和休息时间。站立时的心率也明显增高。在腹腔内安装小型遥测仪，观察蛋鸡体温、心率和身体活动的日变化。试验设置3种应激环境：每隔20 h采食2 d（采食试验），将采食面积减少至62。5%（空间限制试验），缩短光照时间6小时（减光试验）。在停饲试验中，心率、体温和身体活动下降。空间限制试验中，光照期心率和体温升高，暗期心率升高，减光期心率下降，暗期心率升高。使用Kiso马记录夜间姿势、体温和心电图。我们的观察结果表明，混合在心电图基线的肌电在侧卧时消失，心动过速与心动过缓混合。从这些结果可以得出结论，这段时间是在快速眼动睡眠。虽然使用夜间心电图进行心率变异性的功率谱分析，但不可能从每个参数评估自主神经活动。

In summer, grazing cattle carries out various grooming behavior (head swing, leg raising, tail swishing) for dispersing alighted flies, and the files seem to become a stress for the grazing cattle. Therefore the data logger for recording the tail swishing frequency as an index to the stress was developed, and the practicability was verified. Moreover, influence of alighted flies on grazing behavior, resting behavior and heart rate was examined. Our finding indicates that jaw movement frequency during grazing decreased by the appearance of the head swing. Grazing behavior and resting time were obstructed by the presence of flies. Also, heart rate in the stand-resting was higher significantly.The diurnal variation of body temperature, heart rate and body activity in the laying hens was examined by the mounting of the small telemeter in peritoneal cavity. The experiment was carried out by the setting of three stress environments as follows: feed withdrawal during 20 hours for two days (feed withdrawal trial), decreasing of floor space to 62. 5% (space restriction trial), and shortening of light period for 6 hours (light reduction trial). In feed withdrawal trial, heart rate, body temperature and body activity decreased. In space restriction trial, heart rate and body temperature increased in the light and dark periods, and in light reduction trial, heart rate decreased in the light period and increased in the dark period.Night posture, body temperature and electrocardiogram were recorded using the Kiso horse. Our observations indicate that electromyogratn which mixed in the base line of electrocardiogram disappeared in lateral lying and tachycardia intermingled with bradycardia. From these results, it is concluded that this period was in the REM sleep. Although power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability was carried out using the night electrocardiogram, it was not possible to evaluate autonomic nerves activity from each parameter.