Parallel distributed processing neuroimaging in schizophrenia during frontal tasks

应用脑磁图（MEG）和合成孔径磁图（SAM）分析方法，对正常人、有幻听（AH）和无AH的精神分裂症患者进行了脑分布加工神经成像研究。在Stroop色词干扰任务中，总反应时设定为650 ms，时间窗为20 ms，步长为50 ms。神经激活开始于左侧后顶叶-枕叶区（刺激后150-250 ms），随后是右侧前额叶极区（250-350 ms）、左侧背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC，250-400 ms）和中下初级运动区（350-400 ms）。与以前的PET和fMRI研究相反，成功地估计了连续和时间上重叠的各种皮层区域的激活，具有短的200 ms的时间间隔。无AH患者左侧DLPFC激活较对照组明显减弱。AH患者左侧DLPFC无明显激活。这些结果与精神分裂症患者的额叶功能减退假说相一致，并提示伴有AH的精神分裂症患者的左侧DLPFC功能障碍可能比不伴有AH的精神分裂症患者更为显著。在词生成（Shiritori）任务中，所有患者的左侧DLPFC都有明显的激活，而大多数对照组没有。正常对照组左侧后上级颞上回（STG）激活显著，而所有患者STG激活均不显著。这些结果表明，精神分裂症患者STG的语言过程和DLPFC的组织控制过程之间的功能障碍。

Parallel-distributed processing neuroimaging was studied in normal control, schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucination (AH) and without AH by using MEG (magnetoencephalography) and synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) analysis. In the Stroop color word interference task, the total reaction time was set at 650ms with a time window of 20ms in steps of 50ms. Neural activation began in the left posterior parietal-occipital area (150-250 ms post-stimulus), followed by the right prefrontal polar area (250-350 ms), the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, 250-400 ms), and the mid-to lower-primary motor area (350-400 ms). Successive and temporally overlapping activation of various cortical regions were successfully estimated with a short 200 ms time interval, contrary to previous PET and fMRI studies. The left DLPFC in patients without AH showed smaller activation than that in the control group. The left DLPFC in patients with AH showed no significant activation. These results were consistent with the hypofrontality hypothesis in schizophrenic patients and showed that dysfunction in the left DLPFC in schizophrenia with AH might be more remarkable than that in schizophrenia without AH. In word generation (Shiritori) task, significant activation in the left DLPFC was estimated in all patients, while not in most of controls. Significant activation in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) was estimated in most of controls, while not in any patients. These results showed the functional impairment between the linguistic process in the STG and the organization-control process in the DLPFC in schizophrenic patients.