Aberrant Cognitive and Motor Functions in Schizophrenia Detected by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

精神分裂症患者的运动技能学习可能受损。9例精神分裂症患者和10例年龄匹配的健康对照者进行了一项涉及右手的顺序复杂运动任务。在进行运动训练1周之前和之后，使用梯度回波、回波平面成像（EPI）脉冲序列获得功能性磁共振图像。在双侧，开始运动训练之前，患者在运动前区（PMA）中表现出的血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）信号反应显着低于对照组。运动训练1周后，精神分裂症患者左侧PMA的BOLD信号反应增加;相反，对照组左侧PMA的信号减少。关于手指运动序列数量的训练效果在两组之间没有差异。每日精神抑制剂剂量并没有显着影响的变化与培训的BOLD信号反应的PMA。这些结果表明精神分裂症患者 ...更多信息 患者在执行复杂运动任务时，包括PMA在内的区域的神经网络功能障碍。在大脑活动方面，患者的运动学习可能比健康受试者效率更低或更慢。精神分裂症患者表现出各种认知障碍，特别是在注意力、长时记忆和工作记忆方面。工作记忆障碍是精神分裂症的主要功能障碍之一。采用功能磁共振成像技术，对15例精神分裂症患者和15例健康对照者进行了概念推理任务的脑激活研究。精神分裂症患者在概念推理任务中表现不佳，尤其是左前额叶、顶叶和左后颞叶的激活较少。这些区域的激活缺陷可能反映了工作记忆和字母、单词信息加工的障碍。与典型的神经抑制剂相比，非典型的神经抑制剂可能对脑激活有更好的影响。与奥氮平（玛尔塔）相比，利培酮可能是一种多巴胺-多巴胺拮抗剂，可改善任务表现并激活更多与任务相关的脑区。少

Motor skill learning may be impaired in schizophrenia. A sequential complex motor task involving the right hand was performed by 9 medicated schizophrenic patients and 10 age-matched healthy controls. Functional magnetic resonance images were obtained using a gradient echo, echoplanar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence before and after 1 week of training in performing the movement. Bilaterally, patients showed significantly less blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal response in the premotor area (PMA) before beginning motor training than controls. BOLD signal response increased in the left PMA of schizophrenic patients after 1 week of motor training; in contrast, the signal decreased in the left PMA of control subjects. Training effects concerning the number of finger movement sequences achieved did not differ between groups. Daily neuroleptic dose did not significantly affect changes with training in BOLD signal response in the PMA. These results suggest that schizophrenic patient … More s have dysfunction of neural networks in areas including the PMA that are involved in executing a complex motor task. In terms of brain activity, motor learning may be less efficient or slower in the patients than in healthy subjects.Schizophrenic patients show various cognitive impairments, especially in attention, longterm memory, and working memory. Working memory deficit is one of the cardinal dysfunction in schizophrenia. Using fMRI, brain activation during conceptual reasoning task were measured in 15 schizophrenic patients and 15 healthy controls. Schizophrenic patients poorly performed conceptual reasoning task and showed less activation during the task especially in left prefrontal and parietal cortex, and left posterior temporal lobe. Activation deficit in these areas may reflect disturbed working memory and information processing of letters and words. Atypical neuroleptics may have better influence on brain activation compared to typical neuroleptics. It is possible that one of the serotonin-dopamine antagonist, risperidone improves the task performance and activates more brain regions relating to the task compared to olanzapine (MARTA). Less