Etiology of Development of BPH and the mechanism of Hormon-Refractory prostate cancer in the Human Prostate

人前列腺组织中神经内卡因(NE)细胞的分布表现为外周腺泡密度降低，主要前列腺导管系统密度增加。良性前列腺增生症的腺泡内NE细胞完全缺失。因此，NE细胞与前列腺生长无关，普遍接受的干细胞学说不能适应BPH的发生发展。此外，从PSA和角蛋白34βE12的研究来看，BPH中的基底细胞可能失去了向NE细胞分化的能力。我们观察到的另一个重要发现是，模仿癌组织的局灶性萎缩腺主要由基底细胞层组成，PSA染色不阳性。我们试图对与BPH发生有关的各种神经纤维进行染色。然而，目前我们还没有发现它们的分布与人类前列腺的带状解剖之间的任何关系。通过对…免疫组织化学研究积累的知识，成功地对苗勒氏残留病进行了分类更多的是椭圆形。组织蛋白酶D免疫组织化学研究结果显示，正常成人前列腺组织中，组织蛋白酶D颗粒在近端导管中表达较强，而在外周腺泡中表达较弱或不表达。相反，在去雄激素后，该颗粒在周围腺泡中有较强的表达，而在近端导管中的表达明显减少。在导管前列腺癌中，可见癌胚抗原(CEA)阳性巢。提示前列腺癌导管部分可分化为CEA阳性癌。我们调查了6例女性尿路憩室腺癌，推测其起源于尿道旁腺(与男性前列腺癌同源)。所有粘液性癌均为CEA阳性，其中2例呈神经内分泌分化。根据女性尿道腺的正常组织学特征，提示粘液性分泌腺癌可能起源于导管近端。较少

The distribution of neuroendocaine ( NE ) cells in human prostate showed a decrease in density in the peripheral acini and an increase in the main prostatic ductal systems. In BPH, the NE cells are completely absent in its acini. Thus the NE cells are not related to the prostate growth and the generally accepted stem cell theory can not be adapted to the development of BPH. Furthermore, basal cells may lose the ability to differentiate into the NE cells in the BPH from the study ofPSA and Keratin 34 beta E 12. Another important finding we observed is that the focal atrophic glands mimicking cancer tissue are mainly consist of the basal cell layer with no positive PSA staining. We tried to stain various nerve fibers in relation to development of BPH. However, we could not find any relationship between their distribution and zonal anatomy of the human prostate at present. We successfully classified the Mullerian remnant diseases by the accumulated knowledge of immunohistochemical study o … More f the utricle. The results of immunohistochemical study of cathepsin D showed that expression of cathepsin D granules was intense in the proximal ducts while it was weak or absent in the peripheral acini in normal adult prostate. Conversely, strong expression of the granules was observed in the peripheral acini and its expression wasmarkedly reduced in the proximal ducts after androgen ablation. In the cases of ductal prostatic cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA ) positive nests observed. This suggests the ductal part of the prostate can be differentiated into CEA positive cancer. We investigated six cases of female urethral diverticular adenocarcinoma, which was presumed to originate from the paraurethral gland ( homologous to male prostate gland ). All mucous producing cancer showed positivity of CEA and 2 of them showed neuroendocrine differentiation. In view of nomal histology of female paraurethral gland, these findings suggested that the mucous secreting adenocarcinoma might originate from the proximal part of the ducts. Less