Scientific stydies of Vietnamese pottery sherds with reference to the techniques for making

本研究中使用的34块越南陶器碎片未上釉，在窑中高温烧制，被归类为石器。这些样品是从越南中部的古窑遗址中收集的，也在日本的长崎、堺和京都的不同考古遗址中出土。l本研究采用能量色散x射线荧光分析对样品体内的Si、Ti、Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、Na、k等8种主要元素进行了测定。样品在外观上呈不规则结构，然后在每个样品的横截面上直径为3mm的不同部位进行3次测量，以获得平均成分。对部分样品进行了聚焦直径为1.8 mm或0.1mm的靶材微束x射线荧光分析，了解样品表面、内部和截面部分的不规则性。对样品进行了x射线衍射分析，确定了样品的矿物组成。在大多数样品中发现的矿物是石英和莫来石，表明它们是在窑中以更高的温度烧制的。结合矿物成分和差热分析（DTA）的结果，可以尝试估算这类陶器碎片的烧成温度。可以确认所有样品都是在良好的窑炉温度条件下烧制的。通过对陶器碎片元素含量的聚类分析，几乎所有在日本发现的样品都被鉴定为来自越南中部的陶器。

Thirty four Vietnamese pottery sherds used in this study are unglazed, fired at good temperatures in the kilns and classified as stoneware. Those samples were collected from the old kiln sites and excavated at the archaeological sites both in the central Vietnam, and also excavated at different archaeological sites in Japan, Nagasaki, Sakai and Kyoto. l In this study energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis has been used for determination of 8 major elements in the bodies of samples such as Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na and K. Almost al]. samples show irregular structures in appearances, then measurements were carried out 3 times at, 3mm diameter different portions in cross section of each sample for getting average composition. Micro-beam X-ray fluorescence analysis focusing 1.8 or 0.1mm diameter on targets was done for some of samples to know irregularities found in the parts of surface, inner and cross-section of them.X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to identify the mineral compositions in these samples. Minerals found are quartz and mullite in the most of the samples showing they were fired at some higher temperatures in the kilns. The estimation of firing temperatures of this kind of pottery sherds can be tried by combination of mineral compositions and the results of differential thermal analysis (DTA). It is confirmed all samples were fired at good temperature conditions in the kilns.As a result of the cluster analysis of the element contents of the pottery sherds, almost all of samples found in Japan were identified as those from the kilns of the central Vietnam.