FATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND THEIR HEALTH EFFECTS IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS

本研究的目的是澄清环境污染状况及其对热带印度尼西亚生态系统和人类健康的可能影响。水位变化幅度大的特点维持了浮游动物和底栖动物群落的多样性。水生昆虫，特别是摇蚊幼虫的生产似乎支持鱼类生产。通过围隔试验，引入食鱼性鱼类和/或浮游植物，发现除了浮游动物以外的其他鱼类食物，摇蚊幼虫和大型植物的根。在泥炭地开放的稻田渠道水显示低pH值，由于高浓度的硫酸根离子和含有0.29毫克/升的汞。在西爪哇的一条汞污染河流中，在河流中建立了水力发电的小型黄金精炼装置，这些装置下游沉积物中的总汞（T-Hg）浓度（84100 ng/g）比上游沉积物中的浓度高80倍 ...更多信息 am.在水生昆虫中检测到高浓度的T-Hg（2000 - 49000纳克/克湿重），鱼类（230 - 2650纳克/克湿重）和对虾（1370 - 4550纳克/克湿重）收集自受河流或流域内小型黄金精炼厂溢出的汞污染的河流。甲基汞浓度为41 - 76%的总汞，这些鱼类。博戈尔市河流和湖泊中鱼类总汞浓度为20 - 130 ng/g w.w.，汞污染河流中未检测到烷基酚，而博戈尔市河流中检测到50 - 80 ng/ml烷基酚。壬基酚是烷基酚类化合物之一，已知可诱导内分泌干扰作用。壬基酚在与印度尼西亚沃茨浓度相似的浓度下对PC12细胞系无细胞毒性作用，但在无血清条件下可促进细胞凋亡。西爪哇的汞污染水平高于加里曼丹。需要进一步调查以阐明这些地区的人类健康状况。少

The objectives of the present study were to clarify the state of environmental pollution and its possible effects on ecosystems and human health in the tropical Indonesia. The nature of large variation of water level apparently maintained the diversity of zooplankton and zoobenthos communities. Production of aquatic insects, especially chironomid larvae seemed to support fish production. Enclosure experiments introducing planktivorous fish and/or floating macrophyte revealed that alternative fish food other than pelagic zooplankton, e.g., chironomid larvae and macrophyte roots.Channel water at peatland opened for rice paddies showed low pH due to high concentrations of sulfate ions and contained 0.29 mg/l of mercury. In a mercury-polluted river in West Java, where hydropower operated small-scale gold refinery units were set up in the river, total mercury (T-Hg) concentration in sediment just downstream of these units (84100 ng/g) was 80-fold higher than that in the sediment just upstre … More am. High concentrations of T-Hg were detected from aquatic insects (2000-49000 ng/g w.w.), fishes (230-2650 ng/g w.w.) and prawns (1370-4550 ng/g w.w.) collected from the rivers polluted with mercury spilled out from small-scale gold refinery units either in the river or in the watershed. Methylmercury concentrations were 41-76% of T-Hg for these fishes. T-Hg concentrations in fishes from rivers and a lake in Bogor City were 20-130 ng/g w.w.No alkylphenol was detected from the mercury-polluted rivers, whereas 50-80 ng/ml of alkylphenol was detected from the rivers in Bogor City. Nonylphenol, one of the alkylphenol group compounds, are known to induce endocrine disrupting effects. Nonylphenol caused no cytotoxic effects upon PC12 cell lines at concentrations similar to the level in Indonesian waters but it promoted apoptosis of the cells under serumfree conditions. The level of mercury pollution was higher in West Java than in Kalimantan. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate human health in these areas. Less