Interaction between perceptual motor system and representative operational system in the cognitive development

为了研究当旋转角度达到180度时儿童突然指出对面的现象是否是由矩形桌子形状的因素引起的，该矩形桌子形状在旋转180度时看起来是相同的，分析了当使用梯形桌子时获得的结果，同时使用圆形和正方形桌子进行新的实验。这些结果表明，3 ~ 4岁儿童对物体位置的编码是通过其内部框架进行的，并对独立于外部世界而形成的象限进行操作，因此，另外，当给出绘制物体运动轨迹的任务时，发现理解物体旋转180度时的结果的6岁儿童不能正确地绘制物体的轨迹，即物体运动的过程。因此，对不能画出轨道的儿童提供包括各种问题在内的支持，以帮助他或她发展运动的形象。结果，大多数儿童对物体运动的理解没有变化，然而，对一些儿童来说，问题帮助他们找到他们的绘画中的不一致性，并成功地整合他们的绘画。基于上述发现，可以认为，知觉运动系统和代表操作系统的功能之间的冲突是通过提高代表操作系统的一致性来纠正的，而不是通过这些系统之间的相互作用来纠正的。

In order to study if the phenomena that a child suddenly pointed out the opposite side when the rotation angle reached the 180 degree are caused by the factor of the rectangular table shape which appeared to be the same when it was rotated at the 180 degree, the results which were obtained when a trapezoidal table was used are analyzed, while conducting a new experiment using a circular and a square table.Consequently, the continuous error, wherein quadrant gradually shifts, and the discontinuous error, wherein quadrant suddenly shifts to a different one at a certain angle, are found. Those results imply that a 3- or 4-year-old child codes an object position through his or her internal framework and performs some manipulation on the quadrant which is formed independently from the external world, and thus, this may evoke the discontinuous error.Additionally, when the task to draw the track of the object movement is given, it is found that a 6-year-old child, who understands what the result would be when the object was turned at the 180 degree, cannot correctly draw the track of the object, the process of the object movement. Therefore, supports including various questions are given to the child who cannot draw the track, in order to help him or her develop the image of the movement. As the result, most of the children show no changes in their understanding of object movement, however, for some children, questions help them find inconsistency in their drawings and successfully integrate their drawings. Based on the aforementioned findings, it is considered that the conflict between the functions of the perceptual motor system and the representative operational system is corrected by improving the consistency in the representative operational system, rather than by the interaction of those systems.