A Research of Dealing Process of Landowners' Sakutoku-Mai (Rice as Profit) - An Approach to Local Society Structure Study -

本研究的目的是将土地所有制研究与土地流转的历史研究结合起来，为阐明大地主对地方社会的霸权或局部社会的整合特征提供一个视角。通过整理和收集船边的历史记录，以及土地所有者的管理文件，我试图从更大的视角来澄清作德麦（大米作为利润）的流通过程。通过考虑这些历史记录获得的知识如下。近代越后港町经营的“三电米”和“作德米”，是与封建领主的仓米（税米）相区别的地主利润米。Sanden-Mai和Sakutoku-Mai的价格显示形式不同于Machi-Mai。Sanden-Mai和Sakutoku-Mai的交易形式似乎在Kura-Mai很常见。虽然从越后到德瓦和陆津都可以看到作德舞，但三电舞是在北方越后，如新泻看到的一个特殊名称。这种三电舞出现后，中期的18世纪。4.在上潟和濑户内地区，越后的Sanden-Mai和Sakutoku-Mai被认为是特殊商品。Sanden-Mai和Sakutoku-Mai的地名是通过土地所有者的仓库出售的。因此，Sanden-Mai和Sakutoku-Mai被认为是仅次于Kura-Mai的优质商品，并被认为是特殊商品。6.这种仓所的功能是解决大地主如何整合包括农村米商在内的当地社区的关键。通过以上的认识和假设，我可以获得开展未来研究的观点。

The purpose of this research was to acquire a viewpoint for clarifying the characteristics of large landowners' hegemony over local society, or the integration of the partial society, by putting junction of the landowner system research and the historical research of circulation. I tried to clarify the circulation process of Sakutoku-Mai (rice as profit) with a larger view by arrangement and collection of ship side historical records, in addition to the management documents of landowners. The knowledge acquired by consideration of these historical records is as follows.1. The rice named "Sanden-Mai" and "Sakutoku-Mai", dealt in the port towns in early-modern Echigo, was the rice as landowners' profit, distinguished from feudal-lords' Kura-Mai (rice as tax).2. The price display form of Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai was unlike that of Machi-Mai. The dealing form of Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai appears to be common in Kura-Mai.3. Although Sakutoku-Mai is seen from Echigo to Dewa and Mutsu, Sanden-Mai is a special name seen in northern Echigo, such as Niigata. This Sanden-Mai appeared after the middle of the 18th century.4. In the Kamigata and Setouchi area, Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai of Echigo were recognized as special goods.5. The place names which Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai were entitled were the result of selling form through the landowners' Kura-Dokoro(warehouse). Therefore, Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai were regarded as goods with quality next to Kura-Mai, and came to be recognized as special goods.6. The function of this Kura-Dokoro serves as a key which solves how a large landowners integrate the local community, including the rural rice merchants.Through the above knowledge and hypothesis, I could acquire the viewpoint to develop the future research.