A Research of Dealing Process of Landowners' Sakutoku-Mai (Rice as Profit) - An Approach to Local Society Structure Study -

本研究的目的是通过将地主制度研究与流通史研究相结合，为厘清大地主对地方社会的霸权或局部社会的整合特征提供一个切入点。我试图通过整理和收集船方历史记录，以及土地所有者的管理文件，以更大的视野澄清樱桃麦(稻谷为利)的流通过程。通过查阅这些史料所获得的知识如下1.在近代Echigo的港口城镇出售的稻米名为“Sanden-Mai”和“Sakutoku-Mai”，是地主的利润稻米，有别于封建地主的Kura-Mai(稻米为税)。三登迈和樱花的价格显示形式不同于马池迈。三登麦和樱桃麦的交易形式似乎在库拉-迈很常见。虽然Sakutoku-mai从Echigo到Dewa和Mutsu都可以看到，但Sanden-Mai是在Echigo北部看到的一个特殊名称，如新泻。这个Sanden-Mai出现在18世纪中叶之后。在Kamigata和Setouchi地区，Echigo的Sanden-Mai和Sakutoku-Mai被认为是特殊商品。Sanden-Mai和Sakutoku-Mai拥有的地名是通过土地所有者的Kura-Dokoro(仓库)出售表格的结果。因此，三登麦和樱桃麦被视为仅次于库拉麦的优质商品，并被公认为特殊商品。这个Kura-Dokoro的功能是解决大地主如何整合包括农村米商在内的当地社区的关键，通过以上知识和假设，我可以获得发展未来研究的观点。

The purpose of this research was to acquire a viewpoint for clarifying the characteristics of large landowners' hegemony over local society, or the integration of the partial society, by putting junction of the landowner system research and the historical research of circulation. I tried to clarify the circulation process of Sakutoku-Mai (rice as profit) with a larger view by arrangement and collection of ship side historical records, in addition to the management documents of landowners. The knowledge acquired by consideration of these historical records is as follows.1. The rice named "Sanden-Mai" and "Sakutoku-Mai", dealt in the port towns in early-modern Echigo, was the rice as landowners' profit, distinguished from feudal-lords' Kura-Mai (rice as tax).2. The price display form of Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai was unlike that of Machi-Mai. The dealing form of Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai appears to be common in Kura-Mai.3. Although Sakutoku-Mai is seen from Echigo to Dewa and Mutsu, Sanden-Mai is a special name seen in northern Echigo, such as Niigata. This Sanden-Mai appeared after the middle of the 18th century.4. In the Kamigata and Setouchi area, Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai of Echigo were recognized as special goods.5. The place names which Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai were entitled were the result of selling form through the landowners' Kura-Dokoro(warehouse). Therefore, Sanden-Mai and Sakutoku-Mai were regarded as goods with quality next to Kura-Mai, and came to be recognized as special goods.6. The function of this Kura-Dokoro serves as a key which solves how a large landowners integrate the local community, including the rural rice merchants.Through the above knowledge and hypothesis, I could acquire the viewpoint to develop the future research.