Genetic, Morphological, and Archaeological Analysis for the Kinship of Skeletons from a Double Burial.

我们通过详细的牙齿测量分析和线粒体DNA分析，推断了在日本北海道USU-Moshii遗址的双重埋葬中发现的骨骼的亲缘关系。在该遗址发现了两个双重墓葬：一个是1985年出土的两个Epi-Jowe幼体(标本3A和3B)，另一个是1988年发现的两个最新发现的成年女性(标本16A和16B)。考古学背景表明，从这些双重埋葬中发现的两具骨骼之间存在血缘关系。线粒体DNA高变区I和II的序列表明3A和3B之间存在母系亲缘关系，而16A和16B之间的母系亲缘关系被完全否定。此外，3A和3B之间关于牙冠尺寸和比例的Q模式相关性一直是正的，并且非常高。然而，16A和16B之间的Q模式相关性始终很低或为负。因此，3A和3B被认为是近亲，16A和16B被认为是陌生人。这项研究表明，牙科分析和线粒体DNA检测相结合可能是可靠和详细的古代骨骼亲属关系评估的有效方法。

We inferred the kinship of skeletons discovered from double burials at the Usu-Moshiri site in Hokkaido, Japan, by using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA analysis. Two double burials were found at the site: one unearthed in 1985 consisted of two Epi-Jomon juvenile individuals (specimens 3A and 3B), and the other consisted of two latest Jomon adult females (specimens 16A and l6B) discovered in 1988. Consanguinity between the two skeletons found from these double burials was suggested by the archaeological context. The sequence of the segments of hypervariable region I and II of Mitochondrial DNA suggested the maternal kinship between 3A and 3B, whereas the maternal kinship between 16A and 16B was completely denied. Moreover, Q-mode correlations between 3A and 3B with respect to tooth crown measurements and proportions were consistently positive and very high. However, Q-mode correlations between 16A and 16B were consistently low or negative. Therefore, 3A and 3B were considered to be close maternal relatives, and 16A and 16B were considered to be strangers. This study demonstrated that combining odontological analysis with mitochondrial DNA testing may be effective for reliable and detailed kinship assessment of ancient skeletons.