Supportive Housing System for the Homeless in New York Gity

这份报告侧重于纽约市无家可归者的住房制度，在过去30年里，那里经济适用房的住房短缺有所扩大。住房保护和发展部、地方倡议支助公司和企业基金会等中介机构、以社区开发公司为代表的非营利性开发商和非营利性社会服务提供者之间的伙伴关系建立了一个创新系统，为经常患有精神疾病的前无家可归者提供支持性住房。支持性住房是通过修复存量的单间居住建筑而产生的，这些建筑具有广泛的社会服务，如工作培训、咨询、家务服务和食物安排。伙伴关系制度已成功地为1万多名曾经无家可归的人提供了负担得起的体面住房。另一方面，在已经发展成为拥有大量房地产投资的全球城市的纽约市，住房危机仍在加深，租金快速上涨，低收入住房拆迁增加，低收入移民比例上升。在新自由主义和新保守主义意识形态的扩张下，社会支出和政府补贴也存在下行压力。这种情况导致了新的无家可归者的产生。该报告调查了纽约市的住房实际情况，市、州和联邦政府资助的住房政策的最新趋势，以及住房合作伙伴关系的结构。

This report focuses on the housing system for the homeless in New York City where the housing shortage of affordable housing has expanded over the three decades. The partnerships between the Department of Housing Preservation and Development, intermediaries such as the Local Initiatives Support Corporation and the Enterprise Foundation, nonprofit developers represented by community-based development corporations, and nonprofit social service providers have built up an innovative system for the provision of supportive housing for formerly homeless people often with mentally-illness. Supportive housing is produced through the rehabilitation of the stock of single-room occupancy buildings with wide-ranging social services such as job training, counseling, housework services, and food arrangements. The partnership system has succeeded in supplying affordable and decent housing for more than 10 thousand people who were one-time homeless. On the other hand, in New York City which has developed as a global city with a large quantity of real estate investments, housing crisis is still deepening with a rapid rise in rents, an increase in the demolition of low income housing, and a rise in the proportion of low income immigrant workers. There has also a downward pressure on social spending and the government subsidies under the expansion of new liberal and new conservative ideologies. This situation leads to a production of new homeless people. The report investigates the actual conditions of housing in New York City, the recent trends in bousing policies financed by the city, state, and federal governments, and the structure of housing partnerships.