Study on the structure and properties of multiphase elastomers- Approach from the Cascade theory

采用聚合物反应、活性阳离子聚合和溶胶-凝胶反应合成了5种多相弹性体，探讨了基于级联理论的多相弹性体小角x射线散射谱拟合新方法的有效性。样品为丁基橡胶接枝聚环氧乙烷、丁基橡胶悬垂型丙二醇内酯、紫胶型聚氧四亚甲基偶氮烯破体、脂肪族聚氧四亚甲基偶氮烯弹性体以及由聚氧四亚甲基和二氧化硅组分组成的有机/无机杂化网络。通过拟合Debye-Bueche随机两相模型中随机支化f-官能团缩聚物的级联模型和小角x射线散射谱域间相互作用的干涉项，在纳米尺度上分析了弹性体的形貌。结构参数如聚集离子域的大小和域之间的距离由SAXS测量确定。不仅在物理交联弹性体的情况下，而且在共价交联弹性体的情况下，新模型被发现对多相弹性体的高阶结构分析是有用的，当小的非均相区域以随机的方式分布在空间（聚合物矩阵）上时，由级联过程指定。研究结果揭示了弹性体的结构与性能之间的关系，对功能性弹性体的材料设计具有一定的参考价值。

Five multiphase elastomers were synthesized by using polymer reactions, living cationic polymerization and sol-gel reaction in order to investigate a usefulness of new analytical method based on the Cascade theory for fitting small-angle X-ray scattering profiles of multiphase elastomers. The samples were a butyl rubber-graft-poly (ethylene oxide), butyl rubber-pendant-maltonolactone, viologen type poly (oxytetramethylene) iomene clastomer, aliphatic poly (oxytetramethylene) ionene elastomer and organic/inorganic hybrid networks which was composed of poly (oxytetramethylene) and silica component. The morphology of the elastomers was analyzed in the nano-scale by fitting the cascade model for randomly branched f-functional polycondensates incorporated in Debye-Bueche random-two-phase model and the interference term by the interdomain interaction on their small-angle X-ray scattering profiles. The structural parameters such as a size of aggregated ionic domains and distance between the domains were determined by SAXS measurements. Not only in the case of physically crosslinked elastomers but also covalently crosslinked elastomers, the new model was found to be useful for analysis of higher-order structure of multiphase elastomers, when small heterogeneous domains were distributed over the space (polymer matrix) in a random fashion, specified by the cascade process. The relationship between the structure and properties was appeared in this study, which will be valuable for a material design of functional elastomers.