Research on Brain Death and Organ Transplantation from the Perspective of Comparative Religion

本文是“比较宗教视角下的脑死亡与器官移植研究”项目的研究报告，该项目是在2002-05年度科学研究助学金(B)资助下进行的。该项目的核心成员组成了一个名为《生命研究小组(Inochi No Kenkyukai)》的团队。我们进行了广泛的实地调查，以调查香港、新加坡、菲律宾、印度、斯里兰卡和美国的器官移植情况。在这些具有不同宗教和文化背景的国家，我们获得了宝贵的知识和经验。鉴于目前国际生物伦理学研究领域的趋势，团队成员一致认为，我们的研究不应局限于脑死亡和器官移植，并在克隆、胚胎干细胞重复利用、人工授精、…等相关领域追求自己的兴趣更多的安乐死、强化等等。“生命研究小组(Inochi No Kenkyukai)”的力量在于它的跨学科成员。通过将来自宗教、医学、医法、哲学和人类学领域的专家聚集在一起，成员们能够积极地相互对话，在手头的问题上分享想法并形成公正的立场。我们还邀请了来自日本和海外的生物伦理学专家和医生参加我们的例行研讨会，以进一步丰富我们关于生物伦理学的讨论。我们于2003年10月在东京Gakushi Kaikan Hall主办的题为“生物科学和灵性：生物伦理学的新方法”的国际会议研讨会尤其值得注意。约300人出席了会议，也引起了日本国内外新闻媒体的关注。美国总统布什的生物伦理委员会成员、斯坦福大学教授威廉·B·赫尔布特参加了这次会议，与我们交流他的专业知识。虽然这次科学研究助学金已于2006年3月正式结束，但“生命研究小组(Inochi No Kenkyukai)”的所有成员都计划继续就这些问题开展联合工作。我们希望尽量减少商业主义对生物技术的影响，并避免错误地接受基于西方犹太-基督教传统的非批判性论点。我们觉得有责任根据亚洲文化的生活哲学发展自己的观点，并与世界各地的学者分享这些观点。较少

This is the research report for the project, "Research on Brain Death and Organ Transplantation from the Perspective of Comparative Religion", which was carried out under the auspice of Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) over the period of 2002-05. The core members of this project formed a team called "Research Group of Life (Inochi no kenkyukai)". We carried out extensive fieldwork in order to investigate the situation of organ transplantation in Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, and the USA. We gained valuable knowledge and experience from the time we spent in these countries that each respectively have diverse religious and cultural backgrounds.In light of current trends in the international field of bioethical research, the team members agreed that our studies should not be limited to focus on brain death and organ transplantation and have pursued their interests in related areas such as cloning, reuse of embryonic stem cells, artificial fertilization, … More euthanasia, enhancement, etc.The strength of the "Research Group of Life (Inochi no kenkyukai)" rests in its interdisciplinary membership. By bringing together specialists from the fields of religion, medicine, medical law, philosophy, and anthropology, members are able to actively engage in conversation with one another to share ideas and develop an unbiased stance on the issues at hand. We also invited bioethics specialists and medical doctors from both Japan and overseas to our routine workshop, to further enrich our discussion on bioethics.The international conference workshop entitled "Bio Science and Spirituality : A New Approach to Bioethics" that we hosted in October 2003 at Gakushi Kaikan Hall in Tokyo is particularly worthy of note. Approximately 300 people attended the conference and also brought the attention of news media both inside and outside of Japan. Prof. William B.Hurlbut of Stanford University, a member of US President Bush's Council on Bioethics, joined the conference in order to exchange his expertise with us.Though this Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research officially ended in March of 2006, all the members of "Research Group of Life (Inochi no kenkyukai)" plan to continue their joint work on the issues. We would like to minimize the influences of commercialism in biotechnology and to avoid the mistake to accept non-critical arguments based on the Judeo-Christian traditions of the West. We feel responsible for developing our own views based on life philosophy of Asian culture, and for sharing them with scholars around the world. Less