Studies on the Development and Practice of the Islamic Jihad Theories after the mid-1990s

自1998年2月反对犹太人和十字军的圣战“世界伊斯兰阵线”成立以来，所谓“激进伊斯兰原教旨主义者”的圣战进入了一个新阶段。激进分子承认自己的穆斯林政府是头号敌人，并一直在军事上与他们作战，他们是在本·拉登的领导下，拒绝对穆斯林政府的军事行动，与基地一起优先开展反以、反美军事行动的。本研究项目的主要目的是对导致世贸中心9.11袭击的上述变化以及容易袭击外国目标的圣战组织的实际状况进行跨地区分析。因此，我们对圣战运动的理论和实践进行了研究，每年集中在一个地区，从中亚、中东、东南亚，最后转移到南亚。对于一些重要的案例，我们也进行了定点观察。从我们的田野调查和对各种文件的分析，我们得出以下结论：(1)对“激进的伊斯兰原教旨主义者”的残酷压迫导致他们放弃在本国的军事行动；(2)他们认为美国和以色列对他们的“同胞”穆斯林的攻击和杀害达到了他们不能忽视的程度，特别是在巴勒斯坦和伊拉克。应该指出的是，我们的额外发现是“伊斯兰恐惧症”，即对伊斯兰和穆斯林的仇恨、歧视和压迫的全球表达，自“9.11”以来，穆斯林更强烈地感受到了这一点，并对此进行了讨论。在这种情况下，显然，更多的穆斯林响应奥萨马·本·拉登对圣战的邀请，加入圣战组织，因为他们认为这是克服“伊斯兰恐惧症”的最后手段。

Since the formation of the "World Islamic Front" for the Jihad against Jews and Crusaders in February 1998, the Jihad of the so-called "Radical Islamic Fundamentalists" entered upon a new phase. The radicals, who had recognized their own Muslim governments as the prime enemies and had been fighting against them militarily, came under the leadership of Osama bin-Laden, who had rejected the military campaign against the Muslim governments, and came to give priority to the anti-Israeli and anti-American military campaigns together with al-Qaeda.The main purpose of this research project is to make cross-regional analysis on the above-mentioned change, which led to the 9.11 attack to the World Trade Center, and the actual state of the jihad organizations which are apt to attack the foreign targets. Therefore we made researches on the theories and practice of the Jihadist movements, focusing on one region each year, and moved from Central Eurasia, Middle East, South-East Asia, lastly to South Asia. For some important cases, we kept our observation at fixed points as well.From our fieldworks and analysis of various documents, we came to the following conclusion :(1)The harsh oppression on the "Radical Islamic fundamentalists" caused them to give up their military campaign in their homelands,(2)They perceive the American and Israeli attacks on and killings of their "fellow" Muslims are to the extent that they cannot ignore, especially in Palestine and Iraq.It should be pointed out as our additional finding that "Islamophobia," global expression of hatred, discrimination and oppression against Islam and Muslims, is more strongly felt and discussed among Muslims since "9.11." In that circumstance, obviously, more Muslims respond to Osama bin-Laden's invitation to Jihad and join the Jihadist groups, as they think that is the last resort to overcome "Islamophobia".