Field research of luminous beetles in China Yunnan

萤火虫的光芒吸引了人们的心和科学家的兴趣。发光甲虫是一种分布于世界各地、种类繁多的生物，是研究生物进化和生物多样性的重要对象。鞘翅目是后生动物中最丰富的类群，但其遗传学至今仍不完全清楚。在本研究中，我们提出中国云南地区作为萤火虫根部的候选地之一值得关注。2002年至2005年，我们对中国云南进行了实地调查。详细的现场年代如下：1）中国云南昆明周边2002年9月，2）云南西南部附近的老挝2004年6月，3）云南Shesarpanna附近缅甸2004年6月。此外，为了比较东亚地区的夜光甲虫，我们于2004年1月在巴西圣保罗周边地区进行了夜光甲虫的调查。在这些地区，我们观察了环境条件，收集了硒， ...更多信息 几个种，并对它们的形态学、遗传学等特征进行了分析。因此，我们发现并收集了有价值的样品。例如，我们收集了半水生萤火虫，似乎是日本萤火虫的相关物种（Genji-botaru和Haike-botaru）。这些物种可能是探索从非水生到半水生到水生萤火虫多样性的关键样本。此外，还发现了与Iriomote-botaru R.大拜在此基础上，对两种夜光甲虫R. lufengensis和R.来自日本八重山岛的ohbai。在研究R. lufengensis、鲁丰河（R. ohbai和萤火虫Pyrocoelia rufa的线粒体基因组IrRNA基因构建的系统发育树表明东亚生物发光昆虫之间存在亲缘关系，而核基因组DNA酶相关基因构建的系统发育树表明鞘翅目昆虫之间存在适当的亲缘关系，反映了生物发光的进化起源。因此，发光甲虫的mtDNA可以提供一个洞察他们的进化起源和地理。也就是说，本研究为夜光甲虫的进化和地理学研究打开了一扇大门。少

The light of firefly fascinates both a heart of people and an interest of scientists. The luminescence beetles are a valuable research object for evolution and diversity of livings because these organisms are consisted by many species where lives in worldwide. The Coleoptera order is the richest group among Metazoa, but its phylogenetics remains incompletely understood. In this research, we proposed that the China Yunnan region was paid to attention as one candidate in firefly's root. We tried to do the field investigation of Chinese Yunnan between 2002 and 2005. In detailed of field era is as follows; 1) the surrounding of China Yunnan Kunming in September 2002, 2) the Yunnan Southwestern near Laotian in Jun 2004, 3) the Yunnan Shesarpanna near Myanmar in June 2004. Addition, we researched the luminous beetles on a surrounding of Brazil Sao Paulo in January 2004 in order to compare the luminous beetles in East Asia. In these area, we observed the environment condition and collected se … More veral species, and after came back to Japan, analyzed their characteristics about morphology, genetics and etc of them. As a result, we found and collected the valuable samples. For example, we collected the half aquatic fireflies that seemed that the related species of Japanese fireflies (Genji-botaru and Haike-botaru). These species could be a key sample to explore the biogeography from the non-aquatic, via half aquatic to aquatic fireflies in their diversity. We also found the luminous beetle Rhagophthalmus lufengensis (Arthropoda, Insecta, Coleoptera) which is similar species of Iriomote-botaru R. ohbai. Then, we determined the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of two luminous beetles R. lufengensis and R. ohbai from Yaeyama Island, Japan. In a study of the evolutionary relationship among R. lufengensis, R. ohbai and the firefly Pyrocoelia rufa, the phylogenetic tree inferred from IrRNA genes from mitochondrial genomes indicates a biogeographic relationship among the bioluminescent insects in East Asia and the phylogenetic tree inferred from luciferase-related genes from nuclear genomes shows an appropriate relationship among coleopterans, reflecting the evolutionary origin of bioluminescence. Thus, the mtDNAs of luminescent beetles can provide an insight into their evolutionary origin and biogeography. Namely, In this research, we can open the key of door on evolutionally and biogeographically study of luminous beetles. Less