Social-ethical Study of "the Public"

在这次研究中，我把自己定位于社会中的人际关系，并把“公众”作为研究的好方法。首先，我从元伦理学的角度出发，划分了经济、伦理和政治三个层次，并分别阐明了它们的具体特征，特别是它们之间的相互差异。其次，我明确了“公众”的形象在这些层面上的不同，而不是自由主义和社群主义作为人类的基本类型；具体指出，前者在经济和伦理层面具有亲和力，后者在政治层面具有亲和力。第三，结合罗尔斯的观点，我明确了共和主义的本质，尤其是它与社群主义的区别。第四，在伦理和政治层面上，我明确了公共关系或空间中的行为与那里的“公共”行为之间的区别，然后，作为一种考虑，批判性地考察了这种行为本身是“私人”的方式。这预设了对什么是“道德”（广义上）的解释。为了充分澄清这一点，“伦理”这个概念本身需要探究，这将是下一个主题。作为我的研究的应用，为我的第五次调查。我认为环境和景观问题可以说是“公共问题”，并研究如何解决这些问题。最后，我批判性地分析了“公民教育”——作为支持“公众”的存在的公民教育——即其在日本的现状。

In this research I orientated myself to the human relations in society, and, as their good way that should be, put "the public" into study. In the first place, I, from a meta-ethical standpoint, set up its levels-economic, ethical and political ones, and clarified their specific features respectively, especially regarding their mutual differences. Second, I made it clear that the image of "the public" differed in these levels according to which is preferred to between liberalism and communitarianism as fundamental types of humanity ; specifically pointing out that the former has an affinity for the economic and ethical levels, and the latter for the political. Third, in connection with arguments of Rawls, I made the nature of republicanism clear especially in terms of its difference from communitarianism. Fourth, on the ethical and political levels, I made clear a distinction which lies between an action in the public relation or space and that of "public" there, and then, as a consideration, critically examined the way in which such an action itself is "private." This presupposes an elucidation of what it is to "be ethical" (in a broad sense). In order to clarify this sufficiently, the concept "ethical" itself needs inquiring, which will be the next main subject.As applications of my research, for my fifth inquiry. I considered the environmental and landscape problems, so to speak, as "public ones", and examined how to address them. Finally, I critically analyzed "civic education"-the education of citizens as beings supporting "the public"-, namely its present condition in Japan.