Young children's understanding of phenomena and properties in domains where naive biology and naive psychology interact

这个项目旨在揭示幼儿如何理解幼稚生物学和幼稚心理学相互作用的领域中的特性和现象。本研究采用个人访谈的方法，通过一系列的研究，得出以下结果。关于幼儿能否从长期可修饰性的角度区分中间属性(即身体倾向、心理倾向、身体能力和心理能力属性)及其有效的修改方法的研究表明，5岁以下的儿童对心理/心理和生物/身体属性的性质有很强的直觉；身体属性越由基因决定，儿童判断它能够改变的难度越大，而他们认为心理倾向和心理能力属性都是可变的，但他们从修改的手段上区分了心理倾向和心理能力；即使给了孩子少量的信息，表明目标属性是与生俱来的，或者是由于缺乏特定的经验，他们也没有改变他们的判断。关于儿童对身体心理反应的理解的研究表明，不仅是5岁的孩子，7岁的孩子也很难认识到心理状态可能会导致一个人的身体反应，尽管他们认识到心理事件可能会导致行为结果，身体事件可能会导致身体健康结果。

This project aimed at revealing how young children understand properties and phenomena in domains that naive biology and naive psychology interact. The following results were found through a series of studies with individual interview methods.1. Studies dealing with whether young children could differentiate intermediate properties (i.e., physical dispositional, mental dispositional, physical ability, and mental ability properties) in terms of their long-term modifiability and effective means for modifying them indicated that children as young as 5 years of age had robust intuition about the nature of psychological/mental and biological/physical properties ; the more genetically determined the physical property was, the more difficult the children judged it to be able to change, whereas they judged both mental dispositional and mental ability properties as changeable, but they distinguished the mental dispositional from the mental ability in terms of the means for modification ; even when the children were given a small amount of information suggesting either that the target property was innate or that it was due to a lack of specific experience, they did not change their judgments.2. Studies dealing with children's understanding of psychogenic bodily reactions indicated that not only 5-year-olds but also 7-year-olds had difficulty with recognizing that psychological states could lead a person to have bodily physical reactions, though they recognized that a psychological event could cause a behavioral outcome and that a physical event could cause a physical health outcome.