A Study on the Legal Punishment on Nazi War Criminals in Occupied Germany

本研究通过对二战期间德国惩治战犯政策制定过程的分析，明确战后司法审判起诉的历史意义。盟国的外交和军事部门，特别是英国和美国的外交和军事部门，是我分析的对象。第一年，我在伦敦的公共记录办公室收集了适当的材料，第二年，我在华盛顿的国家档案馆收集D.C.in，然后对它们进行了分析。也是在第三年，我收集了二手资料，在项目期间，我在《大学公报》上写了六篇专著，通过这些专著，我得出以下结论：第一次世界大战后，对前德皇和其他德国军官的起诉失败，对第二次世界大战期间的政策制定产生了负面影响，二是在第二次世界大战第一阶段，英美两国的外交官和官员对惩罚纳粹战犯表现出漠不关心的态度，三是这一政策在英国从未改变，但在美国却改变了，4）这一变化是由战争部长H.史汀生和助理战争部长J.麦克洛伊以及战争部的其他工作人员促成的，5）这些美国军官试图改变英国同行的政策，6）在这个过程中，阴谋论和反人类罪被发明出来。在这个分析中，我并不是指美国政策制定过程的解释的改变，而宁愿相对化惩罚战争罪犯的重要性，因为危害和平罪，并强调阴谋论和危害人类罪的重要性。在这一点上，我的作品在对纽伦堡和东京审判的比较分析中表现出了新的观点。

In this research I analysed the policy-making process of the punishment on German war criminals during World War II, thus making clear the historical meaning of the justiciary prosecution through trials immediately after the war. The diplomatic and military branches of the Allied Countries, especially those of Britain and America were the target of my analysis. I collected the appropriate materials at the Public Record Office in London in the first year, and at the National Archives in Washington D.C.in the second year, then analyzed them. Also in the third year I collected the secondary sources.During the term of project I wrote six monographs in the Bulletin of the University, through which I draw conclusions as follows : 1)the failure of prosecution of ex-Kaiser and other German officers after the World War I had a negative influence upon the policy making during the next world war, 2)both British and American diplomats and officials displayed indifference towards the punishment on the Nazi war criminals in the first stage of the second world war, 3)this policy never changed in Britain, but did in America, 4)this change was brought about by the Secretary of War H.Stimson and Assistant Secretary of War J.McCloy and other staff of the War Office, 5)this American officers tried to make a change of the policy of the counterpart in Britain, 6)in that process the conspiracy theory and the Crimes against Humanity were invented.In this analysis I do not mean the change of the interpretation of the policy making process in the US, but would rather relativise the importance of punishing war criminals owing to the Crimes against Peace, and emphasise the importance of conspiracy theory and the Crimes against Humanity. At this point my works showed the new viewpoint in the comparative analysis between the trials in Nuremberg and in Tokyo.