A Theoretical and Empirical Study on Global SCM

本研究的主题是调查全球供应链管理的现状和任务，以及供应链管理的绩效。本研究通过定量分析(问卷研究)和质量分析(访谈研究)得出结论。结果发现，所有引入全球供应链管理的企业都或多或少地取得了一定的绩效，但绩效并没有直线上升，而且并不总是在短时间内出现，全球供应链管理的成功存在一定的条件。其中，尤其是最高管理层的领导，与批发商和零售商的联盟(高精度的需求预测)，与供应商的合作(灵活的采购系统)，以及响应BTO(按订单生产)的高效制造系统非常重要。全球供应链管理的成功企业符合这四个条件。从“延迟和投机理论”的角度来看，他们从投机转向了延迟，从而能够快速、准确地对多变的需求做出反应。最高管理层必须表现出坚定的信念和领导力，直到业绩显现。在成功的企业中，提前期缩短、库存减少、缺货率下降等业绩是暂时但显著提高的。然而，提前期缩短受到物流时间的限制，库存减少过多会损害产品的可塑性。制造商和分销商之间的联盟可能会影响缺货率。即使对于国内的供应链来说，这些都是非常棘手的问题，而在全球供应链的情况下，由于多种原因，这些问题要复杂得多。全球供应链的表现将走在一条曲折的道路上。我将对这些问题进行更多的研究，找出全球供应链管理成功的条件。

Main Theme of this study is to investigate the status quo and tasks of global SCM (Supply Chain Management) as well as the performance of that. This study has found that out by quantitative analysis (questionnaire research) and quality analysis (interview research). The result uncovered that all corporations introducing global SCM got more or less a certain performance, but that the performance did not increase on the straight, and that it did not always appear in the short time.There are some conditions for success of global SCM. Out of those, especially leadership of top management, alliance with wholesaler and retailer (demand forecast with high accuracy), affiance with supplier (flexible procurement system), and efficient manufacturing system to respond BTO (Build to Order) are really important. Successful corporations for global SCM meet those four conditions. From the viewpoint of "Postponement and Speculation Theory", they shifted from Speculation to Postponement, as a result they could quickly and exactly respond to changeable demand. Top management must show his/her strong belief and leadership until the performance appears.The performance such as lead-time shortening, inventory reduction, and stock-out rate lowering temporally but considerably increase in the successful corporations. Lead-time shortening, however, is restricted by logistics time, and too much reduced inventory damage the ftexibility. Stock-out rate may be affected by alliance between manufacturer and distributor. They are very tough problems even if for domestic SCM, and much more complex for several reasons in case of global SCM. The performance of global SCM will walk on a tortuous way. I will study more on those problems, and will find out successful conditions of global SCM.