Brain control mechanism of sexual orientation

1. 攻击和移除翅膀会影响雄性蟋蟀大脑中的血清素水平：当一对成年雄性蟋蟀被放在一起时，它们会打架，形成主从关系。在10分钟的攻击性互动后，下属的大脑血清素水平立即下降。在攻击性的相互作用中，优势蚁会发出攻击性的鸣声，而移除翅膀则会消除攻击性鸣声。当一对没有翅膀的雄性被放在一起时，没有翅膀的雄性形成了主从关系。没有翅膀的雄鸟不断地表现出攻击性。无翅雄性的脑血清素水平在攻击性互动0分钟后立即下降，并且在优势和从属之间检测到脑血清素水平无显著差异。这些数据表明，主导者的攻击性行为会迅速降低下属大脑中的血清素水平，而攻击性的歌曲是导致大脑中血清素水平变化的原因。切除两根触须会影响雄蟋蟀的求偶行为和攻击行为，以及脑血清素水平：在切除两根触须7天后，将切除触须的雄蟋蟀成对放置在一起；80%的雄性对其他切除了触角的雄性表现出攻击行为，20%表现出攻击行为。只有45%的男性追求完整的女性。没有完整的雄性向切除了触角的雄性求爱，80%的雄性表现出攻击行为。所有完整的雄性都向雌性求爱。切除一根天线的雄鼠的结果与未切除的雄鼠基本相同。这些发现表明，从雄性蟋蟀身上去除触角会引起雄性蟋蟀的求爱，并且触角对于表达雄性蟋蟀的攻击性是必要的。此外，在去除触角7天后，雄性蟋蟀大脑中央体的血清素水平明显降低。因此，雄性蟋蟀大脑中枢的血清素可能与行为变化有关。少

1. Aggression ad wing removal influence brain serotonin levels in male crickets:When pairs of adult male crickets were placed together, they fought, and dominant-subordinate relationship were formed. Immediately after 10 min of aggressive interaction, brain serotonin levels reduced in subordinates. Dominants emit aggressive song during aggressive interaction, and the emission of aggressive song is abolished by removal of the wings. When pairs of males with wings removed were placed together, the wingless males formed dominant-subordinate relationships. The wingless, dominant male repeatedly displayed aggression. Brain serotonin levels in the wingless males were reduced immediately after 0 min of aggressive interaction, and no significant differences in brain serotnin levels were detected between the dominants and subordinates. These data suggest that aggressive behavior by dominants rapidly reduce brain serotonin levels in subordinates and that aggressive song is responsible for the ch … More ange in brain serotonin levels.2. Removal of both antennae influences the courtship and aggressive behaviors, ad brain serotonin levels in male crickets :At 7 days after removal of both antennae, pairs of antennectomized male crickets were placed together ; 80% displayed aggressive behavior toward other antennectomized males, 20% displayed aggressive behavior. Only 45%courted intact females. No intact males courted antennectomized males, and 80% displayed aggressive behavior. All intact males courted females. The results for males with one antenna removed were essentially the same as for intact males. These findings demonstrate that removal of antennae from male crickets induces male-male courtship and that an antenna is necessary for the expression of male-male aggression. Moreover, serotonin levels in the central body of the male cricket brain were markedly reduced at 7 days after removal of antennae. Thus, serotonin in the central body of the male cricket brain may be involved in the behavioral changes. Less