Research on the selection and identification of tree species used for wooden statues in Japan

该研究项目是继1999年至2002年科学研究援助基金开展的类似主题研究项目之后的又一研究项目。在之前的研究项目中，我们明确了公元8世纪和9世纪佛像所用的树种，并讨论了这些佛像的材料树的选择。在本项目中，我们明确了神道教造像所用的树种，并将唐代以来中国造像的树木选择与公元8世纪和9世纪日本木雕造像的树木选择进行了比较。2003年，我们在志贺县研究了17座大虎神社、2座小崎太沙神社、8座近正寺神社和2座喜满八幡神社的神道佛像。其中22座石像可采集标本进行树形鉴定，均鉴定为Chamaecyparis obtusa。2004年，我们研究了三重县井口神社的男性神道雕像，三重县金丘寺的男性神道雕像，冀国藤雕像和Z…More ochoten雕像，以及大和文化馆的女性神道雕像。这些雕像的树种鉴定并不容易，因为只能获得微小的样本，但犬神的雕像是双子叶树，金鸡的雕像是李子树，金鸡的雕像是樟科。2005年，我们研究了大分县的七座八幡幡雕像和大和文化馆的一尊弥代雕像。三尊哈奇曼-纳塔-古雕像由香榧（L.）制成。西博尔德和祖克。另一个是由长尾蛇制成的。香榧的选择似乎反映了该物种在日本西部的广泛分布。2006年，我们研究了三重县贤德寺的屋久弥立雕像和冈山县明知寺的观音保津雕像，并于2006年10月3日至12月3日在东京国立博物馆举办了一个特别展览“塑造信仰日本一博寺佛像”，以宣传我们的研究项目结果。神道教造像选用长臂猿很重要。在公元8世纪和9世纪的佛教雕像中，香榧被选为santorum alba的替代品。然而，在后来的时期，人们开始使用长尾蛇、锯齿泽尔科娃、日本尾蛇。这种变化似乎是由神道教雕像选择当地的圣树引起的，并反映了神道教和佛教融合的一个方面。少

This research project is continued from the research project of a similar theme carried out from 1999 to 2002 by Gant-in-aid for Scientific Research. In the former research project, we clarified the tree species used for Buddhist statues of the 8th and 9th centuries AD and discussed the selection of material trees for these statues. In the present project, we clarified the tree species used for Shinto statues and compared tree selection for Chinese statues since the Tang period with that for Japanese wooden statues of the 8th and 9th centuries AD.In 2003 we studied 17 Shinto statues of Daiho Shrine, two Shinto statues of Kozuki-taisha, 8 Shinto statues of Konsho-ji, and two Shinto statues of Himure-hachiman Shrine in Shiga Prefecture. Among these statues, we could collect samples for tree identification from 22 statues, and all were identified as Chamaecyparis obtusa. In 2004 we studied a male Shinto statue of Inou Shrine in Mie Prefecture, a male Shinto statue, Jikokuten statue, and Z … More ochoten statue of Jingu-ji in Mie Prefecture, and a female Shinto statue of the Museum Yamato-bunka-kan. The identification of tree species of these statutes was not easy, because only minute samples could be obtained, but the statue of Inou Shrine was made of a dicotyledonous tree, the statue of Jingu-ji was made of Prunus, and two other statues of Jingu-ji were made of Lauraceae. In 2005 we studied seven Shinto statues of Hachiman-nata-guu in Oita Prefecture and a Nyorai statue of the Museum Yamato-bunka-kan. The three statues of Hachiman-nata-guu were made of Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold et Zucc. and one was made of Chamaecyparis obtusa. Selection of Torreya nucifera seems to reflect the thick distribution of this species in western Japan. In 2006 we studied a Yakushi-nyorai statue of Kentoku-ji in Mie Prefecture and a Kannon-botatsu statute of Myouo-ji in Okayama Prefecture and organized a special exhibition, Shaping Faith Japanese Ichiboku Buddhist Statues, held at the Tokyo National Museum from 3 Oct. to 3 Dec. 2006 to publicize the result of our research projects.The selection of Chamaecyparis obtusa for Shinto statues are important. In Buddhist statues, Torreya nucifera was selected as an alternative to Santalum alba for statues of the 8th and 9th centuries AD. However, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Zelkova serrata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum came to be used in later periods. This change seems to be induced by the selection of local holy trees for Shinto statues and to reflect an aspect of the syncretism of Shintoism and Buddhism. Less