Theoretical and empirical studies of reference and anaphora …Toward the establishment of generative grammar as an empirical science …

该项目的主要目标是通过对自然语言中回指的句法和语义分析来揭示语言能力的本质，主要集中在日语和英语上。我们的最终目标是提出一个模型，这部分语言能力是由纯粹的结构因素，有别于那些词汇或语用条件。Ueyama（2005）在借鉴了Y.Takubo和M.Saito的一系列研究成果的基础上，特别是在认知方面，对各种语言活动中相关模块之间的相互作用进行了全面的描述，在理论语言学的方法论方面也取得了显著的进展。网络上的证伪、确证和CFJ（呼吁判断）系统是突出的关键词。科学的进步往往是从量的角度来衡量的（即，它有多少覆盖），并且从质量的观点（即，它捕获对象的性质的程度）。伪造和确证的概念在后一方面起着中心作用，H.Hoji最近的论文（已列入本报告）对此作了详细讨论。这是一个新设计的系统（由Perl驱动），它帮助语言学家以经验的方式检查所提出的假设的适当性。这个系统需要进一步改进（可能需要心理学家和认知科学家的帮助），但我们可以自豪地宣布，我们终于准备好把语言学作为一门经验科学来研究了。

The main objective of the project has been to uncover the nature of language faculty through syntactic and semantic analysis of anaphora in natural language, mainly focusing on Japanese and English. Our ultimate goal is to propose a model of that part of language faculty which is conditioned by purely structural factors as distinct from those that are lexically or pragmatically conditioned. Drawing on a series of works by Y.Takubo and M.Saito with respect to the cognitive aspect in particular, Ueyama (2005) presents an overall picture of how the relevant modules interact with each other in various linguistic activities.A noteworthy progress was also made regarding the methodology of theoretical linguistics. Falsification, Corroboration, and CFJ (Call for Judgment) System on the Web are the prominent keywords.The progress of science is often measured from the viewpoint of quantity (i.e., how much coverage it has), and from the viewpoint of quality (i.e., how well it captures the nature of the object). The concepts falsification and corroboration play a central role in the latter aspect, as is discussed in detail in H.Hoji's most recent paper (which is included in the report).In addition, the CFJ System on the Web was brought into use during the project period. This is a newly designed system (powered by Perl) which helps linguists to examine the appropriateness of a proposed hypothesis in an empirical way. The system needs further improvement (probably by the help of psychologists and cognitive scientists), but we are proud to declare that we are finally ready to pursue linguistics as an empirical science.